OLD TESTAMENT
GENESIS
CHAPTER 1
Now the earth was
formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit
of God was hovering over the waters. And God said, “Let there
be light,” and there was light. God saw that the light was good, and he
separated the light from the darkness. God called the light “day”, and the
darkness he called “night”. And there was evening, and there was morning — the
first day.
And God said, “Let there be an expanse between
the waters to separate water from water.” So God made the expanse and separated the
water under the expanse from the water above it. And it was so. God called the
expanse “sky”. And there was evening, and there was morning — the second day.
And God said, “Let the water under the sky be
gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so. God called
the dry ground “land”, and the gathered waters he called “seas”. And God saw
that it was good.
Then God said, “Let the land produce
vegetation: seedbearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in
it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so.
The land produced vegetation: plants bearing
seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according
to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.
And there was
evening, and there was morning — the third day.
And God said, “Let there be lights in the
expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as
signs to mark seasons and days and years, and let them be lights in the expanse of the
sky to give light on the earth.” And it was so.
God made two great lights — the greater light
to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars.
God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, to govern
the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it
was good.
And there was evening, and there was morning —
the fourth day.
And God said, “Let the water teem with living
creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the sky.” So
God created the great creatures of the sea and every living and moving thing
with which the water teems, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according
to its kind. And God saw that it was good.
God blessed them and said, “Be fruitful and
increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase
on the earth.”
And there was evening, and there was morning —
the fifth day.
And God said, “Let the land produce living
creatures according to their kinds: livestock, creatures that move along the
ground, and wild animals, each according to its kind.” And it was so.
God made the wild animals according to their
kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move
along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.
Then God said, “Let us make man in our image,
in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of
the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures
that move along the ground.”
So God created man in his own image, in the
image of God he created him; male and female he created them.
God blessed them and said to them, “Be
fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the
fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature
that moves on the ground.”
Then God said, “I give you every seed-bearing
plant on the face of the whole earth and every
tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for
food. And to all the beasts of the earth
and all the birds of the air and all the creatures that move on the ground —
everything that has the breath of life in it — I give every green plant for food.”
And it was so.
God saw all that he had made, and it was very
good. And there was evening, and there was morning — the sixth day.
CHAPTER 2
Thus the heavens and the earth were completed
in all their vast array. By the seventh day God had finished the work he had
been doing; so on the seventh day he rested [Or ceased;] from all his work. And
God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all
the work of creating that he had done.
This is the account of the heavens and the
earth when they were created. When the LORD God made the earth and the heavens
— and no shrub of the field had yet appeared on the earth [Or
land;] and no plant of the field had yet sprung up, for the
LORD God had not sent rain on the earth [Or land;] and there was no man to work
the ground, but streams [Or mist] came up from the earth and wateredthe whole
surface of the ground — the LORD God formed the man [The Hebrew for man (adam)
sounds like and may be related to the Hebrew for ground (adamah); it is also
the name Adam.] from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath
of life, and the man became a living being.
Now the LORD God had planted a garden in the
east, in
Eden; and there he put the man he had formed. And the LORD
God made all kinds of trees grow out of the ground — trees that were pleasing
to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life
and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
A river watering the garden flowed from Eden;
from there it was separated into four headwaters. The name of the first is the
Pishon; it winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold. (The
gold of that land is good; aromatic resin [Or good;
pearls] and onyx are also there.)
The name of the second river is the Gihon; it
winds through the entire land of Cush. [Possibly south-east Mesopotamia]
The name of the third river is the Tigris; it
runs along the east side of Asshur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.
The LORD God took the man and put him in the
Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it. And the LORD God commanded the
man, “You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; but you must not eat
from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it you
will surely die.”
The LORD God said, “It is not good for the man
to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him.” Now the LORD God had
formed out of the ground all the beasts of the field and all the birds of the
air. He brought them to the man to see what he would name them; and whatever
the man called each living creature, that was its name.
So the man gave names to all the livestock,
the birds of the air and all the beasts of the field. But for Adam [Or the man]
no suitable helper was found. So the LORD God caused the man to fall into a
deep sleep; and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man’s ribs and closed
up the place with flesh.
Then the LORD God made a woman from the rib he
had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man.
The man said, “This is now bone of my bones
and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called ‘woman’, for she was taken out of man.”
For this reason a man will leave his father
and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh. The man
and his wife were both naked, and they felt no shame.
CHAPTER 3
Now the serpent was more crafty than any of
the wild animals the LORD God had made. He said to the woman, “Did God really
say, ‘You must not eat from any tree in the garden’?”
The woman said to the serpent, “We may eat
fruit from the trees in the garden, but God did say, ‘You must not eat fruit
from the tree that is in the middle of the garden, and you must not touch it,
or you will die.’”
“You will not surely die,” the serpent said to
the woman. “For God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and
you will be like God, knowing good and evil.”
When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree
was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom,
she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband, who was with her,
and he ate it.
Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and
they realised that they were naked; so they sewed fig leaves together and made
coverings for themselves.
Then the man and his wife heard the sound of
the LORD God as he was walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and they
hid from the LORD God among the trees of the garden.
But the LORD God called to the man, “Where are
you?”
He answered, “I heard you in the garden, and I
was afraid because I was naked; so I hid.”
And he said, “Who told you that you were
naked? Have you eaten from the tree from which I commanded you not to eat?”
The man said, “The woman you put here with me
— she gave me some fruit from the tree, and I ate it.”
Then the LORD God said to the woman, “What is
this you have done?” The woman said, “The serpent deceived me, and I ate.”
So the LORD God said to the serpent, “Because
you have done this, “Cursed are you above all the livestock and all the wild
animals! You will crawl on your belly and you will eat dust all the days of
your life. And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your
offspring and hers; he will crush your
head, and you will strike his heel.”
To the woman he said, “I will greatly increase
your pains in childbearing; with pain you will give birth to children. Your desire
will be for your husband, and he will rule over you.”
To Adam he said, “Because you listened to your
wife and ate from the tree about which I commanded you, ‘You must not eat of
it,’ “Cursed is the ground because of you; through painful toil you will eat of
it all the days of your life. It will produce thorns and thistles for you, and
you will eat the plants of the field. By the sweat of your brow you will eat
your food until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for
dust you are and to dust you will return.”
Adam named his wife
Eve, because she would become the mother of all the living.
The LORD God made garments of skin for Adam
and his wife and clothed them.
And the LORD God said, “The man has now become
like one of us, knowing good and evil. He must not be allowed to reach out his
hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live for ever.”
So the LORD God banished him from the Garden
of Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken.
After he drove the man out, he placed on the
east side of the Garden of Eden cherubim and a flaming sword flashing back and
forth to guard the way to the tree of life.
CHAPTER 4
Adam lay with his
wife Eve, and she became pregnant and gave birth to Cain. She said, “With the help
of the LORD I have brought forth a man.”
Later she gave birth to his brother Abel.
Now Abel kept flocks, and Cain worked the
soil.
In the course of time Cain brought some of the
fruits of the soil as an offering to the LORD.
But Abel brought fat portions from some of the
firstborn of his flock. The LORD looked with favour on Abel and his offering,
but on Cain and his offering he did not look with favour. So Cain was very
angry, and his face was downcast. Then the LORD said to Cain, “Why are you
angry? Why is your face downcast? If you do what is right, will you not be
accepted? But if you do not do what is right, sin is crouching at your door; it
desires to have you, but you must master it.”
Now Cain said to his brother Abel, “Let’s go
out to the field.” And while they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother
Abel and killed him.
Then the LORD said
to Cain, “Where is your brother Abel?”
“I don’t know,” he
replied. “Am I my brother’s keeper?”
The LORD said, “What
have you done? Listen! Your brother’s blood cries out to me from the ground.
Now you are under a curse and driven from the
ground, which opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood from your hand.
When you work the ground, it will no longer yield its crops for you. You will
be a restless wanderer on the earth.”
Cain said to the LORD, “My punishment is more
than I can bear. Today you are driving me from the land, and I will be hidden from
your presence; I will be a restless wanderer on the earth,
and whoever finds me will kill me.”
But the LORD said to him, “Not so; if anyone
kills Cain, he will suffer vengeance seven times over.” Then the LORD put a mark
on Cain so that no-one who found him would kill him.
So Cain went out from the LORD’s presence and
lived in the
land of Nod, east of Eden.
Cain lay with his wife, and she became
pregnant and gave birth to Enoch. Cain was then building a city, and he named
it after his son Enoch.
To Enoch was born Irad, and Irad was the
father of Mehujael, and Mehujael was the father of Methushael, and Methushael
was the father of Lamech.
Lamech married two women, one named Adah and
the other Zillah. Adah gave birth to Jabal; he was the father of those who live
in tents and raise livestock. His brother’s name was Jubal; he was the father
of all who play the harp and flute.
Zillah also had a
son, Tubal-Cain, who forged all kinds of tools out of [Or who instructed all
who work in] bronze and iron. Tubal-Cain’s sister was Naamah.
Lamech said to his wives, “Adah and Zillah,
listen to me;
wives of Lamech, hear my words. I have killed a man for
wounding me, a young man for injuring me. If Cain is avenged seven times, then
Lamech seventy-seven
times.”
Adam lay with his wife again, and she gave
birth to a son and named him Seth, saying, “God has granted me another child in
place of Abel, since Cain killed him.”
Seth also had a son, and he named him Enosh.
At that time men began to call on the name of theLORD.
CHAPTER 5
This is the written account of Adam’s line.
When God created man, he made him in the likeness of God. He created them male
and female and blessed them. And when they were created, he called them “man”.
When Adam had lived 130 years, he had a son in
his own likeness, in his own image; and he named him Seth. After Seth was born,
Adam lived 800 years and had other
sons and daughters. Altogether, Adam lived 930 years, and
then he died.
When Seth had lived 105 years, he became the
father of Enosh. And after he became the father of Enosh, Seth lived 807 years
and had other sons and daughters. Altogether, Seth lived 912 years, and then he
died.
When Enosh had lived 90 years, he became the
father of Kenan. And after he became the father of Kenan, Enosh lived 815 years
and had other sons and daughters. Altogether, Enosh lived 905 years, and then
he died.
When Kenan had lived
70 years, he became the father of Mahalalel. And after he became the father of
Mahalalel, Kenan lived 840 years and had other sons and daughters. Altogether,
Kenan lived 910 years, and then he died.
When Mahalalel had lived 65 years, he became
the father of Jared. And after he became
the father of Jared, Mahalalel lived 830 years and had other sons and
daughters. Altogether, Mahalalel lived 895 years, and then he died.
When Jared had lived 162 years, he became the
father of Enoch. And after he became the father of Enoch, Jared lived 800 years
and had other sons and daughters. Altogether, Jared lived 962 years, and then
he died.
When Enoch had lived 65 years, he became the
father of Methuselah. And after he became the father of Methuselah, Enoch
walked with God 300 years and had other sons and daughters. Altogether, Enoch
lived 365 years.
Enoch walked with God; then he was no more,
because God took him away.
When Methuselah had
lived 187 years, he became the father of Lamech. And after he became
the father of Lamech, Methuselah lived 782 years and had other sons and
daughters. Altogether, Methuselah lived 969 years, and then he died.
When Lamech had lived 182 years, he had a son.
He named him Noah and said, “He will comfort us in the labour and painful toil
of our hands caused by the ground the LORD has
cursed.”
After Noah was born, Lamech lived 595 years
and had other sons and daughters. Altogether, Lamech lived 777 years, and then
he died.
After Noah was 500 years old, he became the
father of Shem, Ham and Japheth.
CHAPTER 6
When men began to increase in number on the
earth and daughters were born to them, the sons of God saw that the daughters
of men were beautiful, and they married any of them they chose.
Then the LORD said, “My Spirit will not
contend with man for ever, for he is mortal; his days will be a hundred and
twenty years.”
The Nephilim were on the earth in those days —
and also afterwards — when the sons of God went to the daughters of men and had
children by them. They were the heroes of old, men of renown.
The LORD saw how great man’s wickedness on the
earth had become, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was
only evil all the time. The LORD was grieved that he had made man on the earth,
and his heart was filled with pain.
So the LORD said, “I will wipe mankind, whom I
have created, from the face of the earth —men and animals, and creatures that
move along the ground, and birds of the air —for I am grieved that I have made
them.”
But Noah found favour in the eyes of the LORD.
This is the account of Noah. Noah was a
righteous man, blameless among the people of his time, and he walked with God.
Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham and Japheth.
Now the earth was corrupt in God’s sight and
was full of violence. God saw how corrupt the earth had become, for all the people
on earth had corrupted their ways.
So God said to Noah, “I am going to put an end
to all people, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. I am surely
going to destroy both them and the earth.
So make yourself an ark of cypress wood; make
rooms in it and coat it with pitch inside and out.
This is how you are to build it: The ark is to
be 450 feet long, 75 feet wide and 45 feet high. [300 cubits long, 50 cubits
wide and 30 cubits high (about 140 metres long, 23
metres wide and 13.5 metres high)]
Make a roof for it and finish the ark to
within 18 inches [a cubit (about 0.5 metre)] of the top. Put a door in the side
of the ark and make lower, middle and upper decks.
I am going to bring floodwaters on the earth
to destroy all life under the heavens, every creature that has the breath of life
in it. Everything on earth will perish.
But I will establish my covenant with you, and
you will enter the ark — you and your sons and your wife and your sons’ wives
with you.
You are to bring into the ark two of all
living creatures, male and female, to keep them alive with you. Two of every
kind of bird, of every kind of animal and of every kind of creature that moves
along the ground will come to you to be kept alive.
You are to take every kind of food that is to
be eaten and store it away as food for you and for them.”
Noah did everything just as God commanded him.
CHAPTER 7
The LORD then said to Noah, “Go into the ark,
you and your whole family, because I have found you righteous in this generation.
Take with you seven [Or seven pairs;] of
every kind of clean animal, a male and its mate, and two of every kind of
unclean animal, a male and its mate, and also seven of every kind of bird, male
and female, to keep their various kinds alive throughout the earth.
Seven days from now I will send rain on the
earth for forty days and forty nights, and I will wipe from the face of the earth
every living creature I have made.”
And Noah did all that the LORD commanded him.
Noah was six hundred years old when the
floodwaters came on the earth. And Noah and his sons and his wife and his sons’
wives entered the ark to escape the waters of the flood. Pairs of clean and
unclean animals, of birds and of all creatures that move along the ground, male
and female, came to Noah and entered the ark, as God had commanded Noah.
And after the seven days the floodwaters came
on the earth.
In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, on
the seventeenth day of the second month — on that day all the springs of the great
deep burst forth, and the floodgates of the heavens were opened. And rain fell
on the earth for forty days and forty nights.
On that very day Noah and his sons, Shem, Ham
and Japheth, together with his wife and the wives of his three sons, entered the
ark. They had with them every wild animal according to its kind, all livestock
according to their kinds, every creature that moves along the ground according
to its kind and every bird according to its kind, everything with wings.
Pairs of all creatures that have the breath of
life in them came to Noah and entered the ark. The animals going in were male
and female of every living thing, as God had commanded Noah. Then the LORD shut
him in.
For forty days the flood kept coming on the
earth, and as the waters increased they lifted the ark high above the earth.
The waters rose and increased greatly on the earth, and the ark floated on the
surface of the water. They rose greatly on the earth, and all the high mountains
under the entire heavens were covered.
The waters rose and covered the mountains to a
depth of more than twenty feet. Every living thing that moved on the earth
perished — birds, livestock, wild animals, all the creatures that swarm over
the earth, and all mankind. Everything on dry land that had the breath of life
in its
nostrils died.
Every living thing on the face of the earth
was wiped out; men and animals and the creatures that move along the ground and
the birds of the air were wiped from the earth. Only Noah was left, and those
with him in the ark.
The waters flooded the earth for a hundred and
fifty days.
CHAPTER 8
But God remembered Noah and all the wild
animals and the livestock that were with him in the ark, and he sent a wind over
the earth, and the waters receded.
Now the springs of the deep and the floodgates
of the heavens had been closed, and the rain had stopped falling from the sky.
The water receded steadily from the earth. At
the end of the hundred and fifty days the water had gone down, and on the
seventeenth day of the seventh month the ark came to rest on the mountains of
Ararat.
The waters continued to recede until the tenth
month, and on the first day of the tenth month the tops of the mountains became
visible.
After forty days Noah opened the window he had
made in the ark and sent out a raven, and it kept flying back and forth until the
water had dried up from the earth.
Then he sent out a dove to see if the water
had receded from the surface of the ground. But the dove could find no place to
set its feet because there was water over all the surface of the earth; so it
returned to Noah in the ark. He reached out his hand and took the dove and
brought it back to himself in the ark.
He waited seven more days and again sent out
the dove from the ark.
When the dove returned to him in the evening,
there in its beak was a freshly plucked olive leaf! Then Noah knew that the
water had receded from the earth.
He waited seven more days and sent the dove
out again, but this time it did not return to him.
By the first day of the first month of Noah’s
six hundred and first year, the water had dried up from the earth. Noah then removed
the covering from the ark and saw that the surface of the ground was dry. By
the twenty-seventh day of the second month the earth was completely dry.
Then God said to Noah, “Come out of the ark,
you and your wife and your sons and
their wives.
Bring out every kind of living creature that
is with you — the birds, the animals, and all the creatures that move along the
ground — so they can multiply on the earth and be fruitful and increase in
number upon it.”
So Noah came out, together with his sons and
his wife and his sons’ wives. All the animals and all the creatures that move
along the ground and all the birds — everything that moves on the earth — came
out of the ark, one kind after another.
Then Noah built an altar to the LORD and,
taking some of all the clean animals and clean birds, he sacrificed burnt
offerings on it.
The LORD smelled the pleasing aroma and said
in his heart: “Never again will I curse the ground because of man, even though
man, for, every inclination of his heart is evil from childhood. And never
again will I destroy all living creatures, as I have done.“As long as the earth
endures, seedtime and harvest, cold andheat, summer and winter, day and night
will never cease.”
CHAPTER 9
Then God blessed Noah and his sons, saying to
them, “Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the earth.
The fear and dread of you will fall upon all
the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air, upon every creature that moves
along the ground, and upon all the fish of the sea; they are given into your
hands. Everything that lives and moves will be food for you. Just as I gave you
the green plants, I now give you everything. “But you must not eat meat that
has its lifeblood still in it. And for your lifeblood I will surely demand an
accounting. I will demand an accounting from every animal. And from each man,
too, I will demand an accounting for the life of his fellow man. “Whoever sheds
the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed; for in the image of God has
God made man.
As for you, be fruitful and increase in
number; multiply on the earth and increase upon it.”
Then God said to Noah and to his sons with
him: “I now establish my covenant with you and with your descendants after you
and with every living creature that was with you — the birds,
the livestock and all the wild animals, all those that came
out of the ark with you — every living creature on earth.
I establish my covenant with you: Never again
will all life be cut off by the waters of a flood; never again will there be a flood
to destroy the earth.” And God said, “This is the sign of the covenant I am
making between me and you and every living creature with you, a covenant for
all generations to come: I have set my rainbow in the clouds, and it will be
the sign of the covenant between me and the earth.
Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the
rainbow appears in the clouds, I will remember my covenant between me and you
and all living creatures of every kind. Never again will the waters become a
flood to destroy all life. Whenever the rainbow appears in the clouds, I will
see it and remember the everlasting covenant between God and all living
creatures of every kind on the earth.”
So God said to Noah, “This is the sign of the
covenant I have established between me and all life on the earth.”
The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were
Shem, Ham and Japheth. (Ham was the father of Canaan.) These were the three
sons of Noah, and from them came the people who were scattered over the earth.
Noah, a man of the soil, proceeded to plant a
vineyard. When he drank some of its wine, he became drunk and lay uncovered
inside his tent.
Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father’s
nakedness and told his two brothers outside. But Shem and Japheth took a
garment and laid it across their shoulders; then they walked in backwards and
covered their father’s nakedness. Their faces were turned the other way so
that they would not see their father’s nakedness.
When Noah awoke from his wine and found out
what his youngest son had done to him, he said, “Cursed be Canaan! The lowest
of slaves will he be to his brothers.”
He also said, “Blessed be the LORD, the God of
Shem! May Canaan be the slave of Shem.
May God extend the territory of Japheth; may
Japheth live in the tents of Shem, and may Canaan be his slave.”
After the flood Noah lived 350 years.
Altogether, Noah lived 950 years, and then he died.
CHAPTER 10
This is the account of Shem, Ham and Japheth,
Noah’s sons, who themselves had sons after the flood. The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai,
Javan, Tubal, Meshech and Tiras.
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath and
Togarmah.
The sons of Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, the
Kittim and the Rodanim. (From these the maritime peoples spread out into their territories
by their clans within their nations, each with its own language.)
The sons of Ham:
Cush, Mizraim, Put and Canaan.
The sons of Cush: Seba, Havilah, Sabtah,
Raamah and Sabteca. The sons of Raamah: Sheba and Dedan.
Cush was the father of Nimrod, who grew to be
a mighty warrior on the earth. He was a mighty hunter before the LORD; that is
why it is said, “Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the LORD.”
The first centres of his kingdom were Babylon,
Erech, Akkad and Calneh, in Shinar. [That is, Babylonia] From that land he went
to Assyria, where he built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, [Or Nineveh with its city
squares] Calah and Resen, which is between Nineveh and Calah; that is the great
city.
Mizraim was the father of the Ludites,
Anamites, Lehabites, Naphtuhites, Pathrusites, Casluhites (from whom the
Philistines came) and Caphtorites.
Canaan was the father of Sidon his firstborn,
and of the Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites, Hivites, Arkites,
Sinites, Arvadites, Zemarites and Hamathites. Later the Canaanite
clans scattered and the borders of Canaan reached from
Sidon towards Gerar as far as Gaza, and then towards Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah and
Zeboiim, as far as Lasha.
These are the sons of Ham by their clans and
languages, in their territories and nations.
Sons were also born
to Shem, whose older brother was the older brother of Japheth; Shem was the
ancestor of all the sons of Eber.
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud
and Aram. The sons of Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether and Meshech. Arphaxad was the father
father of Cainan, and Cainan was the father of Shelah, and Shelah the father of
Eber.
Two sons were born to Eber: One was named
Peleg, [Peleg means division.] because in his time the earth was divided; his brother
was named Joktan.
Joktan was the father of Almodad, Sheleph,
Hazarmaveth, Jerah, Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, Obal, Abimael, Sheba, Ophir, Havilah
and Jobab. All these were sons of Joktan.
The region where they lived stretched from
Mesha towards Sephar, in the eastern hill country.
These are the sons of Shem by their clans and
languages, in their territories and nations.
These are the clans of Noah’s sons, according
to their lines of descent, within their nations. From these the nations spread out
over the earth after the flood.
CHAPTER 11
Now the whole world had one language and a
common speech. As men moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar
[That is, Babylonia] and settled there.
They said to each other, “Come, let’s make
bricks and bake them thoroughly.” They used brick instead of stone, and bitumen
for mortar.
Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves
a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name
for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of the whole earth.”
But the LORD came down to see the city and the
tower that the men were building.
The LORD said, “If as one people speaking the
same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be
impossible for them. Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they
will not understand each other.”
So the LORD scattered them from there over all
the earth, and they stopped building the city.
That is why it was called Babel — That is,
Babylon; because there the LORD confused the language of the whole world. From
there the LORD scattered them over the face of the whole earth.
This is the account of Shem. Two years after
the flood, when Shem was 100 years old, he became the father of Arphaxad. And
after he became the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500
years and had other sons and daughters.
When Arphaxad had lived 35 years, he became
the father of Cainan. And after he became the father of Cainan,
Arphaxad lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters, and then he
died.
When Cainan had
lived 130 years, he became the father of Shelah. And after he became
the father of Shelah, Cainan lived 330 years and had other
sons and daughters.
When Shelah had lived 30 years, he became the
father of Eber. And after he became the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years
and had other sons and daughters.
When Eber had lived 34 years, he became the
father of Peleg. And after he became the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and
had other sons and daughters.
When Peleg had lived 30 years, he became the
father of Reu. And after he became the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and
had other sons and daughters.
When Reu had lived 32 years, he became the
father of Serug. And after he became the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and
had other sons and daughters.
When Serug had lived 30 years, he became the
father of Nahor. And after he became the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years
and had other sons and daughters.
When Nahor had lived 29 years, he became the
father of
Terah. And after he became the father of Terah, Nahor lived
119 years and had other sons and daughters.
After Terah had lived 70 years, he became the
father of Abram, Nahor and Haran.
This is the account
of Terah.
Terah became the
father of Abram, Nahor and Haran. And Haran became the father of
Lot.
While his father Terah was still alive, Haran
died in Ur of the Chaldeans, in the land of his birth.
Abram and Nahor both married. The name of
Abram’s wife was Sarai, and the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah; she was the daughter
of Haran, the father of both Milcah and Iscah.
Now Sarai was barren; she had no children.
Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot son
of Haran, and his daughter-in-law Sarai, the wife of his son Abram, and together
they set out from Ur of the Chaldeans to go to Canaan. But when they came to
Haran, they settled there.
Terah lived 205 years, and he died in Haran.
CHAPTER 12
The LORD had said to Abram, “Leave your
country, your people and your father’s household and go to the land I will show
you. “I will make you into a great nation and I will bless you; I will make
your name great, and you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you,
and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed
through you.”
So Abram left, as the LORD had told him; and
Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he set out from Haran.
He took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, all the possessions they had
accumulated and the people they had acquired in Haran, and they set out for the
land of Canaan, and they arrived there.
Abram travelled
through the land as far as the site of the great tree of Moreh at Shechem.
At that time the Canaanites were in the land.
The LORD appeared to Abram and said, “To your
offspring I will give this land.” So he built an altar there to the LORD, who
had appeared to him.
From there he went on towards the hills east
of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east.
There he built an
altar to the LORD and called on the name of the LORD.
Then Abram set out and continued towards the
Negev.
Now there was a famine in the land, and Abram
went down to Egypt to live there for a while because the famine was severe.
As he was about to enter Egypt, he said to his
wife Sarai, “I know what a beautiful woman you are. When the Egyptians see you,
they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will let you
live. Say you are my sister, so that I will be treated well for your sake and
my life will be spared because of you.”
When Abram came to Egypt, the Egyptians saw
that she was a very beautiful woman. And when Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they
praised her to Pharaoh, and she was taken into his palace.
He treated Abram well for her sake, and Abram
acquired sheep and cattle, male and female donkeys, menservants and maidservants,
and camels.
But the LORD inflicted serious diseases on
Pharaoh and his household because of Abram’s wife Sarai.
So Pharaoh summoned Abram. “What have you done
to me?” he said. “Why didn’t you tell me she was your wife? Why did you say,
‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her to be my wife? Now then, here is your
wife. Take her and go!”
Then Pharaoh gave orders about Abram to his
men, and they sent him on his way, with his wife and everything he had.
CHAPTER 13
Abram went up from Egypt to the Negev, with
his wife and everything he had, and Lot went with him. Abram had become very
wealthy in livestock and in silver and gold.
From the Negev he went from place to place
until he came to Bethel, to the place between Bethel and Ai where his tent had been
earlier and where he had first built an altar. There Abram called on the name
of the LORD.
Now Lot, who was moving about with Abram, also
had flocks and herds and tents. But the land could not support them while they
stayed together, for their possessions were so great that they were not able to
stay together. And quarrelling arose between Abram’s herdsmen and the herdsmen
of Lot.
The Canaanites and Perizzites were also living
in the land at that time.
So Abram said to Lot, “Let’s not have any
quarrelling between you and me, or between your herdsmen and mine, for we are
brothers.
Is not the whole land before you? Let’s part
company. If you go to the left, I’ll go to the right; if you go to the right,
I’ll go to the left.”
Lot looked up and saw that the whole plain of
the Jordan was well watered, like the garden of the LORD, like the land of Egypt,
towards Zoar. (This was before the LORD destroyed
Sodom and Gomorrah.)
So Lot chose for himself the whole plain of
the Jordan and set out towards the east. The two men parted company: Abram
lived in the land of Canaan, while Lot lived among the cities of the plain and pitched
his tents near Sodom.
Now the men of Sodom were wicked and were
sinning greatly against the LORD.
The LORD said to Abram after Lot had parted
from him, “Lift up your eyes from where you are and look north and south, east
and west. All the land that you see I will give to you and your offspring for
ever. I will make your offspring like the dust of the earth, so that if anyone
could count the dust, then your offspring could be counted. Go, walk through
the length and breadth of the land, for I am giving it to you.”
So Abram moved his tents and went to live near
the great trees of Mamre at Hebron, where he built an altar to the LORD.
CHAPTER 14
At this time Amraphel king of Shinar, [That
is, Babylonia] Arioch king of Ellasar, Kedorlaomer king of Elam and Tidal king
of Goiim went to war against Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah,
Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is,
Zoar).
All these latter kings joined forces in the
Valley of Siddim
(the Salt Sea). [That is, the Dead Sea]
For twelve years they had been subject to
Kedorlaomer, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled. In the fourteenth year, Kedorlaomer and the
kings allied with him went out and defeated the Rephaites in Ashteroth Karnaim,
the Zuzites in Ham, the Emites in Shaveh Kiriathaim and the Horites in the hill
country of Seir, as far as El Paran near the desert.
Then they turned back and went to En Mishpat
(that is, Kadesh), and they conquered the whole territory of the Amalekites, as
well as the Amorites who were living in Hazezon Tamar.
Then the king of Sodom, the king of Gomorrah,
the king of Admah, the king of Zeboiim and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar)
marched out and drew up their battle lines in the Valley of Siddim against
Kedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of Goiim, Amraphel king of Shinar and
Arioch king of Ellasar — four kings against five.
Now the Valley of Siddim was full of tar pits,
and when the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, some of the men fell into them
and the rest fled to the hills.
The four kings seized all the goods of Sodom
and Gomorrah and all their food; then they went away.
They also carried off Abram’s nephew Lot and
his possessions, since he was living in Sodom.
One who had escaped came and reported this to
Abram the Hebrew. Now Abram was living near the great trees of Mamre the
Amorite, a brother [Or a relative; or an ally] of Eshcol and Aner, all of whom
were allied with Abram.
When Abram heard that his relative had been
taken captive, he called out the 318 trained men born in his household and went
in pursuit as far as Dan.
During the night
Abram divided his men to attack them and he routed them, pursuing them as
far as Hobah, north of Damascus. He recovered all the goods and brought back his
relative Lot
and his possessions, together with the women and the other people.
After Abram returned from defeating
Kedorlaomer and the kings allied with him, the king of Sodom came out to meet him
in the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the King’s Valley).
Then Melchizedek king of Salem [That is,
Jerusalem] brought out bread and wine. He was priest of God Most High, and he
blessed Abram, saying, “Blessed be Abram by God
Most High, Creator of heaven and earth. And blessed be to
God Most High, who delivered your enemies into your hand.” Then Abram gave him
a tenth of everything.
The king of Sodom said to Abram, “Give me the
people and keep the goods for yourself.”
But Abram said to the king of Sodom, “I have
raised my hand to the LORD, God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth, and
have taken an oath that I will accept nothing belonging to you, not even a
thread or the thong of a sandal, so that you will never be able to say, ‘I made
Abram rich.’ I will accept nothing but what my men have eaten and the share
that belongs to the men who went with me — to Aner, Eshcol and Mamre. Let them
have their share.”
CHAPTER 15
After this, the word of the LORD came to Abram
in a vision: “Do not be afraid, Abram. I am your shield, your very great
reward.”
But Abram said, “O Sovereign LORD, what can
you give me since I remain childless and the one who will inherit my estate is
Eliezer of Damascus?”
And Abram said, “You have given me no
children; so a servant in my household will be my heir.”
Then the word of the LORD came to him: “This
man will not be your heir, but a son coming from your own body will be your
heir.”
He took him outside and said, “Look up at the
heavens and count the stars — if indeed you can count them.” Then he said to
him, “So shall your offspring be.”
Abram believed the LORD, and he credited it to
him as righteousness.
He also said to him, “I am the LORD, who
brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to take possession
of it.”
But Abram said, “O Sovereign LORD, how can I
know that I shall gain possession of it?”
So the LORD said to him, “Bring me a heifer, a
goat and a ram, each three years old, along with a dove and a young pigeon.”
Abram brought all these to him, cut them in
two and arranged the halves opposite each other; the birds, however, he did not
cut in half. Then birds of prey came down on the carcasses, but Abram drove
them away.
As the sun was setting, Abram fell into a deep
sleep, and a thick and dreadful darkness came over him.
Then the LORD said
to him, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in
a country not their own, and they will be enslaved and ill-treated four hundred years.
But I will punish the nation they serve as
slaves, and afterwards they will come out with great possessions. You, however,
will go to your fathers in peace and be buried at a good old age. In the fourth
generation your descendants will come back here, for the sin of the Amorites
has not yet reached its full measure.”
When the sun had set and darkness had fallen,
a smoking brazier with a blazing torch appeared and passed between the pieces.
On that day the LORD made a covenant with
Abram and said, “To your descendants I give this land, from the river [Or Wadi]
of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates — the land of the Kenites,
Kenizzites, Kadmonites, Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, Amorites, Canaanites,
Girgashites and Jebusites.”
CHAPTER 16
Now Sarai, Abram’s wife, had borne him no
children. But she had an Egyptian maidservant named Hagar; so she said to
Abram, “The LORD has kept me from having children. Go, sleep with my
maidservant; perhaps I can build a family through her.” Abram agreed to what
Sarai said.
So after Abram had been living in Canaan ten
years, Sarai his wife took her Egyptian maidservant Hagar and gave her to her
husband to be his wife.
He slept with Hagar, and she conceived. When
she knew she was pregnant, she began to despise her mistress.
Then Sarai said to
Abram, “You are responsible for the wrong I am suffering. I put my
servant in your arms, and now
that she knows she is pregnant, she despises
me. May the
LORD judge between you and me.”
“Your servant is in your hands,” Abram said.
“Do with her whatever you think best.” Then Sarai ill-treated Hagar; so she fled
from her.
The angel of the LORD found Hagar near a
spring in the desert; it was the spring that is beside the road to Shur. And he
said, “Hagar, servant of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?”
“I’m running away from my mistress Sarai,” she answered.
Then the angel of the LORD told her, “Go back
to your mistress and submit to her.” The angel added, “I will so increase your
descendants that they will be too numerous to count.”
The angel of the LORD also said to her: “You
are now with child and you will have a son. You shall name him Ishmael, [Ishmael
means God hears.] for the LORD has heard of your misery.
He will be a wild donkey of a man; his hand
will be against everyone and everyone’s hand against him, and he will live in
hostility towards all his brothers.”
She gave this name to the LORD who spoke to
her: “You are
the God who sees me,” for she said, “I have now seen the
One who sees me.”
That is why the well was called Beer Lahai
Roi; [Beer Lahai Roi means well of the Living One who sees me.] it is still there,
between Kadesh and Bered.
So Hagar bore Abram a son, and Abram gave the
name Ishmael to the son she had borne.
Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore
him Ishmael.
CHAPTER 17
When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the LORD
appeared to him and said, “I am God Almighty; [Hebrew El-Shaddai] walk before
me and be blameless. I will confirm my covenant between me and you and will greatly
increase your numbers.”
Abram fell face down, and God said to him, “As
for me, this is my covenant with you: You will be the father of many nations.
No longer will you be called Abram; [Abram means exalted father.] your name
will be Abraham, [Abraham means father of many.] for I have made you a father
of many nations. I will make you very fruitful; I will make nations of you, and
kings will come from you.
I will establish my covenant as an everlasting
covenant between me and you and your descendants after you for the generations
to come, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you. The whole
land of Canaan, where you are now an alien, I will give as an everlasting
possession to you and your descendants after you; and I will be their God.”
Then God said to Abraham, “As for you, you
must keep my covenant, you and your descendants after you for the generations
to come.
This is my covenant with you and your
descendants after you, the covenant you are to keep: Every male among you shall
be circumcised.
You are to undergo circumcision, and it will
be the sign of the covenant between me and you. For the generations to come
every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised, including those
born in your household or bought with money from a foreigner —those who are not
your offspring. Whether born in your household or bought with your money, they
must be circumcised. My covenant in your flesh is to be an everlasting
covenant.
Any uncircumcised male, who has not been
circumcised in the flesh, will be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant.”
God also said to Abraham, “As for Sarai your
wife, you are no longer to call her Sarai; her name will be Sarah.
I will bless her and will surely give you a
son by her. I will bless her so that she will be the mother of nations; kings
of peoples will come from her.”
Abraham fell face down; he laughed and said to
himself, “Will a son be born to a man a hundred years old? Will Sarah bear a
child at the age of ninety?”
And Abraham said to God, “If only Ishmael
might live under your blessing!”
Then God said, “Yes, but your wife Sarah will
bear you a son, and you will call him Isaac. [Isaac means he laughs.] I will
establish my covenant with him as an everlasting
covenant for his descendants after him.
And as for Ishmael, I have heard you: I will
surely bless him; I will make him fruitful and will greatly increase his
numbers. He will be the father of twelve rulers, and I will make him
into a great nation.
But my covenant I will establish with Isaac,
whom Sarah will bear to you by this time next year.”
When he had finished speaking with Abraham,
God went up from him.
On that very day Abraham took his son Ishmael
and all those born in his household or bought with his money, every male in his
household, and circumcised them, as God told him.
Abraham was
ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised, and his son Ishmael was
thirteen;
Abraham and his son Ishmael were both
circumcised on that same day.
And every male in Abraham’s household,
including those born in his household or bought from a foreigner, was circumcised
with him.
CHAPTER 18
The LORD appeared to Abraham near the great
trees of Mamre while he was sitting at the entrance to his tent in the heat of
the day.
Abraham looked up and saw three men standing
nearby. When he saw them, he hurried from the entrance of his tent to meet them
and bowed low to the ground.
He said, “If I have found favour in your eyes,
my lord, do not pass your servant by. Let a little water be brought, and then
you may all wash your feet and rest under this tree. Let me get you something
to eat, so you can be refreshed and then go on your way — now that you have
come to your servant.” “Very well,” they answered, “do as you say.”
So Abraham hurried into the tent to Sarah.
“Quick,” he said, “get three seahs [That is, probably about 39 pints (about 22 litres)]
of fine flour and knead it and bake some bread.”
Then he ran to the herd and selected a choice,
tender calf and gave it to a servant, who hurried to prepare it.
He then brought some curds and milk and the
calf that had been prepared, and set these before them. While they ate, he stood
near them under a tree.
“Where is your wife
Sarah?” they asked him. “There, in the tent,” he said.
Then the LORD
said, “I will surely return to you about this time next year, and Sarah your wife will have a
son.”
Now Sarah was listening at the entrance to the tent,
which was behind him.
Abraham and Sarah were already old and well
advanced in years, and Sarah was past the age of childbearing.
So Sarah laughed to herself as she thought,
“After I am worn out and my husband is old, will I now have this pleasure?”
Then the LORD said to Abraham, “Why did Sarah
laugh and say, ‘Will I really have a child, now that I am old?’ Is anything too
hard for the LORD? I will return to you at the appointed time next year and
Sarah will have a son.”
Sarah was afraid, so she lied and said, “I did
not laugh.” But he said, “Yes, you did laugh.”
When the men got up to leave, they looked down
towards Sodom, and Abraham walked along with them to see them on their way.
Then the LORD said, “Shall I hide from Abraham
what I am about to do? Abraham will surely become a great and powerful nation,
and all nations on earth will be blessed through him. For I have chosen him, so
that he will direct his children and his household after him to keep the way of
the LORD by doing what is right and just, so that the LORD will bring about for
Abraham what he has promised him.”
Then the LORD said, “The outcry against Sodom
and Gomorrah is so great and their sin so grievous that I will go down and see
if what they have done is as bad as the outcry that has reached me. If not, I
will know.”
The men turned away
and went towards Sodom, but Abraham remained standing before the LORD.
Then Abraham approached him and said: “Will
you sweep away the righteous with the wicked?
What if there are fifty righteous people in
the city? Will you really sweep it away and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous
people in it?
Far be it from you to do such a thing — to
kill the righteous with the wicked, treating the righteous and the wicked
alike. Far be it from you! Will not the Judge [Or Ruler] of all the
earth do right?”
The LORD said, “If I find fifty righteous
people in the city of Sodom, I will spare the whole place for their sake.”
Then Abraham spoke up again: “Now that I have
been so bold as to speak to the Lord, though I am nothing but dust and ashes,
what if the number of the righteous is five less than fifty? Will
you destroy the whole city because of five people?” “If I
find forty-five there,” he said, “I will not destroy it.”
Once again he spoke to him, “What if only
forty are found there?” He said, “For the sake of forty, I will not do it.”
Then he said, “May the Lord not be angry, but
let me speak. What if only thirty can be found there?” He answered, “I will not
do it if I find thirty there.”
Abraham said, “Now that I have been so bold as
to speak to the Lord, what if only twenty can be found there?” He said, “For
the sake of twenty, I will not destroy it.”
Then he said, “May the Lord not be angry, but
let me speak just once more. What if only ten can be found there?” He answered,
“For the sake of ten, I will not destroy it.”
When the LORD had finished speaking with
Abraham, he left, and Abraham returned home.
CHAPTER 19
The two angels arrived at Sodom in the
evening, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. When he saw them, he
got up to meet them and bowed down with his face to the ground.
“My lords,” he said, “please turn aside to
your servant’s house. You can wash your feet and spend the night and then go on
your way early in the morning.” “No,” they answered, “we will spend the night
in the square.”
But he insisted so strongly that they did go
with him and entered his house. He prepared a meal for them, baking bread without
yeast, and they ate.
Before they had gone to bed, all the men from
every part of the city of Sodom — both young and old — surrounded the house.
They called to Lot, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out
to us so that we can have sex with them.”
Lot went outside to meet them and shut the
door behind him and said, “No, my friends. Don’t do this wicked thing. Look, I
have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to
you, and you can do what you like with them. But don’t do anything to these
men, for they have come under the protection of my roof.”
“Get out of our way,” they replied. And they
said, “This fellow came here as an alien, and now he wants to play the judge!
We’ll treat you worse than them.” They kept bringing pressure on Lot and moved
forward to break down the door.
But the men inside
reached out and pulled Lot back into the house and shut the door. Then
they struck the men who were at the door of the house, young and old, with
blindness so that they could not find the door.
The two men said to Lot, “Do you have anyone
else here —sons-in-law, sons or daughters, or anyone else in the city who belongs
to you? Get them out of here, because we are going to destroy this place. The
outcry to the LORD against its people is so great that he has sent us to destroy
it.”
So Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law,
who were pledged to marry his daughters. He
said, “Hurry and get out of this place, because the LORD is
about to destroy the city!” But his sons-in-law thought he was joking.
With the coming of dawn, the angels urged Lot,
saying, “Hurry! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will
be swept away when the city is punished.”
When he hesitated, the men grasped his hand
and the hands of his wife and of his two daughters and led them safely out of
the city, for the LORD was merciful to them.
As soon as they had brought them out, one of
them said, “Flee for your lives! Don’t look back, and don’t stop anywhere in
the plain! Flee to the mountains or you will be swept away!”
But Lot said to them, “No, my lords, please!
Your servant has
found favour in your eyes, and you have shown great kindness to me in sparing
my life. But I can’t flee to the mountains; this disaster will overtake me, and
I’ll die.
Look, here is a town
near enough to run to, and it is small. Let me flee to it — it is very
small, isn’t it? Then my life will be spared.”
He said to him, “Very well, I will grant this
request too; I will
not overthrow the town you speak of. But flee there
quickly, because I cannot do anything until you reach it.” (That is why the
town was called Zoar.) [Zoar
means small.]
By the time Lot reached Zoar, the sun had
risen over the land. Then the LORD rained down burning sulphur on Sodom and Gomorrah
— from the LORD out of the heavens. Thus he overthrew those cities and the
entire plain, including all those living in the cities — and also the vegetation
in the land.
But Lot’s wife looked back, and she became a
pillar of salt.
Early the next morning Abraham got up and
returned to the place where he had stood before the LORD. He looked down
towards Sodom and Gomorrah, towards all the land of the plain, and he saw dense
smoke rising from the land, like smoke from a furnace.
So when God destroyed the cities of the plain,
he remembered Abraham, and he brought Lot out of the catastrophe that overthrew
the cities where Lot had lived.
Lot and his two
daughters left Zoar and settled in the mountains, for he was afraid to stay in
Zoar. He and his two daughters lived in a cave.
One day the older
daughter said to the younger, “Our father is old, and there is no man around
here to lie with us, as is the custom all over the earth. Let’s get our father
to drink wine and then lie with him and preserve our family line through our
father.”
That night they got
their father to drink wine, and the older daughter went in and lay with
him. He was not aware of it when she lay down or when she got up.
The next day the older daughter said to the
younger, “Last night I lay with my father. Let’s get him to drink wine again tonight,
and you go in and lie with him so we can preserve our family line through our
father.”
So they got their father to drink wine that
night also, and the younger daughter went and lay with him. Again he was not aware
of it when she lay down or when she got up.
So both of Lot’s daughters became pregnant by
their father. The older daughter had a son, and she named him Moab; [Moab
sounds like the Hebrew for from father.] he is the
father of the Moabites of today. The younger daughter also
had a son, and she named him Ben-Ammi; [Ben-Ammi means son of my people.] he is
the father of the Ammonites of today.
CHAPTER 20
Now Abraham moved on from there into the
region of the Negev and lived between Kadesh and Shur. For a while he stayed in
Gerar, and there Abraham said of his wife Sarah, “She is my sister.” Then
Abimelech king of Gerar sent for Sarah and took her.
But God came to Abimelech in a dream one night
and said to him, “You are as good as dead because of the woman you have taken;
she is a married woman.”
Now Abimelech had not gone near her, so he
said, “Lord, will you destroy an innocent nation?
Did he not say to me, ‘She is my sister,’ and
didn’t she also say, ‘He is my brother’? I have done this with a clear conscience
and clean hands.”
Then God said to him
in the dream, “Yes, I know you did this with a clear conscience, and so
I have kept you from sinning against me. That is why I did not let you touch her.
Now return the man’s wife, for he is a
prophet, and he will pray for you and you will live. But if you do not return
her, you may be sure that you and all yours will die.”
Early the next morning Abimelech summoned all
his officials, and when he told them all that had happened, they were very much
afraid.
Then Abimelech
called Abraham in and said, “What have you done to us? How have I wronged you
that you have brought such great guilt upon me and my kingdom? You have done things
to me that should not be done.”
And Abimelech asked Abraham, “What was your
reason for
doing this?”
Abraham replied, “I said to myself, ‘There is
surely no fear of God in this place, and they will kill me because of my wife.’
Besides, she really is my sister, the daughter of my father though not of my
mother; and she became my wife.
And when God caused me to wander from my
father’s household, I said to her, ‘This is how you can show your love to me:
Everywhere we go, say of me, “He is my brother.”’”
Then Abimelech brought sheep and cattle and
male and female slaves and gave them to Abraham, and he returned Sarah his wife
to him.
And Abimelech said, “My land is before you;
live wherever
you like.”
To Sarah he said, “I am giving your brother a
thousand shekels [That is, about 25 pounds (about 11.5 kilograms)] of silver.
This is to cover the offence against you before all who are with you; you are
completely vindicated.”
Then Abraham prayed to God, and God healed
Abimelech, his wife and his slave girls so they could have children again, for
the LORD had closed up every womb in Abimelech’s household because of Abraham’s
wife Sarah.
CHAPTER 21
Now the LORD was gracious to Sarah as he had
said, and the LORD did for Sarah what he had promised. Sarah became pregnant
and bore a son to Abraham in his old age, at the very time God had promised
him.
Abraham gave the name Isaac [Isaac means he
laughs.] to the son Sarah bore him.
When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham
circumcised him, as God commanded him. Abraham was a hundred years old when his
son Isaac was born to him.
Sarah said, “God has brought me laughter, and
everyone who hears about this will laugh with me.”
And she added, “Who would have said to Abraham
that Sarah would nurse children? Yet I have borne him a son in his old age.”
The child grew and was weaned, and on the day
Isaac was weaned Abraham held a great feast.
But Sarah saw that the son whom Hagar the
Egyptian had borne to Abraham was mocking, and she said to Abraham, “Get rid of
that slave woman and her son, for that slave woman’s son will never share in
the inheritance with my son Isaac.”
The matter distressed Abraham greatly because
it concerned his son.
But God said to him, “Do not be so distressed
about the boy and your maidservant. Listen to whatever Sarah tells you, because
it is through Isaac that your offspring [Or seed] will
be reckoned.
I will make the son of the maidservant into a
nation also, because he is your offspring.”
Early the next morning Abraham took some food
and a skin of water and gave them to Hagar. He set them on her shoulders and
then sent her off with the boy. She went on her way and wandered in the desert
of Beersheba. When the water in the skin was gone, she put the boy under
one of the bushes. Then she went off and sat down nearby,
about a bow-shot away, for she thought, “I cannot watch the boy die.” And as
she sat there nearby, he [Hebrew; Septuagint the child] began to sob.
God heard the boy crying, and the angel of God
called to Hagar from heaven and said to her, “What is the matter, Hagar? Do not
be afraid; God has heard the boy crying as he lies there. Lift the boy up and
take him by the hand, for I will make him into a great nation.”
Then God opened her eyes and she saw a well of
water. So she went and filled the skin with water and gave the boy a drink.
God was with the boy as he grew up. He lived
in the desert
and became an archer. While he was living in the Desert of
Paran, his mother got a
wife for him from Egypt.
At that time Abimelech and Phicol the
commander of his forces said to Abraham, “God is with you in everything you do.
Now swear to me here before God that you will not deal falsely with me or my
children or my descendants. Show to me and the country where you are living as
an alien the same kindness I have shown to you.”
Abraham said, “I swear it.”
Then Abraham complained to Abimelech about a
well of water that Abimelech’s servants had seized.
But Abimelech said, “I don’t know who has done
this. You did not tell me, and I heard about it only today.”
So Abraham brought sheep and cattle and gave
them to Abimelech, and the two men made a treaty.
Abraham set apart seven ewe lambs from the
flock, and Abimelech asked Abraham, “What is the meaning of these seven ewe
lambs you have set apart by themselves?”
He replied, “Accept these seven lambs from my
hand as a witness that I dug this well.”
So that place was called Beersheba, [Beersheba
can mean well of seven or well of the oath.] because the two men swore an oath
there.
After the treaty had been made at Beersheba,
Abimelech and Phicol the commander of his forces returned to the land of the
Philistines.
Abraham planted a tamarisk tree in Beersheba,
and there he called upon the name of the LORD, the Eternal God. And Abraham
stayed in the land of the Philistines for a long
time.
CHAPTER 22
Some time later God tested Abraham. He said to
him, “Abraham!” “Here I am,” he replied.
Then God said, “Take your son, your only son,
Isaac, whom you love, and go to the region of Moriah. Sacrifice him there as a
burnt offering on one of the mountains I will tell you about.”
Early the next morning Abraham got up and
saddled his donkey. He took with him two of his servants and his son Isaac.
When he had cut enough wood for the burnt offering,
he set out for the place God had told him about.
On the third day Abraham looked up and saw the
place in the
distance. He said to
his servants, “Stay here with the donkey while I and the boy go over there. We
will worship and then we will come back to you.”
Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering
and placed it on his son Isaac, and he himself carried the fire and the knife. As
the two of them went on together, Isaac spoke up and said to his father
Abraham, “Father?” “Yes, my son?” Abraham replied. “The fire and wood are here,”
Isaac said, “but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?”
Abraham answered, “God himself will provide
the lamb for the burnt offering, my son.” And the two of them went on together.
When they reached the place God had told him
about, Abraham built an altar there and arranged the wood on it. He bound his
son Isaac and laid him on the altar, on top of the wood.
Then he reached out his hand and took the
knife to slay his son. But the angel of the LORD called out to him from heaven,
“Abraham! Abraham!” “Here I am,” he replied.
“Do not lay a hand on the boy,” he said. “Do
not do anything to him. Now I know that you fear God, because you have not withheld
from me your son, your only son.”
Abraham looked up
and there in a thicket he saw a ram caught by its horns. He went
over and took the ram and sacrificed it as a burnt offering
instead of his son.
So Abraham called that place The LORD Will
Provide. And to this day it is said, “On the mountain of the LORD it will be provided.”
The angel of the LORD called to Abraham from
heaven a second time and said, “I swear by myself, declares the LORD, that because
you have done this and have not withheld your son,
your only son, I will surely bless you and make your
descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore.
Your descendants will take possession of the citiesof their enemies, and through
your offspring all nations on earth will be blessed, because you have obeyed
me.”
Then Abraham returned to his servants, and
they set off together for Beersheba. And Abraham stayed in Beersheba.
Some time later Abraham was told, “Milcah is
also a mother; she has borne sons to your brother Nahor: Uz the firstborn, Buz
his brother, Kemuel (the father of
Aram), Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph and Bethuel.”
Bethuel became the father of Rebekah. Milcah
bore these eight sons to Abraham’s brother Nahor. His concubine, whose name was
Reumah, also had sons: Tebah, Gaham, Tahash and Maacah.
CHAPTER 23
Sarah lived to be a hundred and twenty-seven
years old.
She died at Kiriath Arba (that is, Hebron) in
the land of Canaan, and Abraham went to mourn for Sarah and to weep over her.
Then Abraham rose from beside his dead wife
and spoke to the Hittites. He said, “I am an alien and a stranger among you.
Sell me some property for a burial site here so that I can bury my dead.”
The Hittites replied to Abraham, “Sir, listen
to us. You are a mighty prince among us. Bury
your dead in the choicest of our tombs. None of us will refuse
you his tomb for burying your dead.”
Then Abraham rose and bowed down before the
people of the land, the Hittites. He said to them, “If you are willing to let
me bury my dead, then listen to me and intercede with Ephron son of Zohar on my
behalf so that he will sell me the cave of Machpelah, which belongs to him and
is at the end of his field. Ask him to sell it to me for the full price as a
burial site among you.”
Ephron the Hittite was sitting among his
people and he replied to Abraham in the hearing of all the Hittites who had come
to the gate of his city.
“No, my lord,” he said. “Listen to me; I give
you the field, and I give you the cave that is in it. I give it to you in the
presence of my people. Bury your dead.”
Again Abraham bowed down before the people of
the land and he said to Ephron in their hearing, “Listen to me, if you will. I
will pay the price of the field. Accept it from me so
that I can bury my dead there.”
Ephron answered Abraham, “Listen to me, my
lord; the land is worth four hundred shekels [That is, about 10 pounds (about
4.5 kilograms)] of silver, but what is that between me and you? Bury your dead.”
Abraham agreed to Ephron’s terms and weighed
out for him the price he had named in the hearing of the Hittites: four hundred
shekels of silver, according to the weight current
among the merchants.
So Ephron’s field in Machpelah near Mamre —
both the field and the cave in it, and all the trees within the borders of the field
— was legally made over to Abraham as his property in the presence of all the
Hittites who had come to the gate of the city.
Afterwards Abraham buried his wife Sarah in
the cave in the field of Machpelah near Mamre (which is at Hebron) in the land
of Canaan.
So the field and the cave in it were legally
made over to Abraham by the Hittites as a burial site.
CHAPTER 24
Abraham was now old and well advanced in
years, and the LORD had blessed him in every way. He said to the chief [Or
oldest] servant in his household, the one in charge of all that he had, “Put
your hand under my thigh. I want you to swear by the LORD, the God of heaven
and
the God of earth, that you will not get a wife for my son
from the daughters of the Canaanites, among whom I am living, but will go to my
country and my own relatives and get a
wife for my son Isaac.”
The servant asked him, “What if the woman is
unwilling to come back with me to this land? Shall I then take your son back to
the country you came from?”
“Make sure that you do not take my son back
there,”
Abraham said. “The LORD, the God of heaven, who brought me
out of my father’s household and my native land and who spoke to me and
promised me on oath, saying, ‘To your offspring I will give this land’ — he
will send his angel before you so that you can get a wife for my son from
there.
If the woman is unwilling to come back with
you, then you will be released from this oath of mine. Only do not take my son
back there.”
So the servant put his hand under the thigh of
his master Abraham and swore an oath to him concerning this matter.
Then the servant took ten of his master’s
camels and left, taking with him all kinds of good things from his master. He set
out for Aram Naharaim [That is, North-west
Mesopotamia] and made his way to the town of Nahor.
He made the camels kneel down near the well
outside the town; it was towards evening, the time the women go out to draw
water.
Then he prayed, “O LORD, God of my master
Abraham, give me success today, and show kindness to my master Abraham.
See, I am standing beside this spring, and the
daughters of the townspeople are coming out to draw water. May it be that when
I say to a girl, ‘Please let down your jar that I may have a drink,’ and she
says, ‘Drink, and I’ll water your camels too’ — let her be the one you have
chosen for your servant Isaac. By this I will know that you have shown kindness
to my master.”
Before he had
finished praying, Rebekah came out with her jar on her shoulder. She was the
daughter of Bethuel son of Milcah, who was the wife of Abraham’s brother Nahor.
The girl was very beautiful, a virgin; no man
had ever lain with her. She went down to the spring, filled her jar and came up
again.
The servant hurried to meet her and said,
“Please give me a little water from your jar.”
“Drink, my lord,” she said, and quickly
lowered the jar to her hands and gave him a drink. After she had given him a
drink, she said, “I’ll draw water for your camels too, until they have finished
drinking.”
So she quickly emptied her jar into the
trough, ran back to the well to draw more water, and drew enough for all his camels.
Without saying a word, the man watched her
closely to learn whether or not the LORD had made his journey successful.
When the camels had finished drinking, the man
took out a gold nose ring weighing a beka [That is, about 1/5 ounce (about 6
grams)] and two gold bracelets weighing ten shekels. [That is, about 4 ounces
(about 115 grams)]
Then he asked, “Whose daughter are you? Please
tell me, is there room in your father’s house for us to spend the night?”
She answered him, “I am the daughter of
Bethuel, the son that Milcah bore to Nahor.” And she added, “We have plenty of
straw and fodder, as well as room for you to spend the night.”
Then the man bowed down and worshipped the
LORD, saying, “Praise be to the LORD, the God of my master Abraham, who has not
abandoned his kindness and faithfulness to my master. As for me, the LORD has
led me on the journey to the house of my master’s relatives.”
The girl ran and
told her mother’s household about these things.
Now Rebekah had a brother named Laban, and he
hurried out to the man at the spring.
As soon as he had
seen the nose ring, and the bracelets on his sister’s arms, and had heard
Rebekah tell what the man said to her, he went out to the man and found him
standing by the
camels near the spring. “Come, you who are blessed by the
LORD,” he said. “Why are you standing out here? I have prepared the house and a
place for the camels.”
So the man went to the house, and the camels
were unloaded. Straw and fodder were brought for the camels, and water for him
and his men to wash their feet.
Then food was set before him, but he said, “I
will not eat until I have told you what I have to say.” “Then tell us,” Laban
said.
So he said, “I am Abraham’s servant. The LORD
has blessed my master abundantly, and he has
become wealthy. He has given him sheep and cattle, silver and
gold, menservants and maidservants, and camels and donkeys.
My master’s wife Sarah has borne him a son in
her [Or his] old age, and he has given him everything he owns. And my master
made me swear an oath, and said, ‘You must not get a wife for my son from the
daughters of the Canaanites, in whose land I live, but go to my father’s family
and to my own clan, and get a wife for my son.’
“Then I asked my master, ‘What if the woman
will not come back with me?’
“He replied, ‘The
LORD, before whom I have walked, will send his angel with you and make
your journey a success, so that you can get a wife for my son from my own clan and from my
father’s family.
Then, when you go to my clan, you will be
released from my oath even if they refuse to give her to you — you will be released
from my oath.’ “When I came to the spring today, I said, ‘O LORD, God of my
master Abraham, if you will, please grant success to the journey on which I
have come.
See, I am standing beside this spring; if a
maiden comes out to draw water and I say to her, “Please let me drink a little water
from your jar,” and if she says to me,
“Drink, and I’ll draw water for your camels too,” let her be the one the LORD
has chosen for my master’s son.’
“Before I finished praying in my heart,
Rebekah came out, with her jar on her shoulder. She went down to the spring and
drew water, and I said to her, ‘Please give me a drink.’ “She quickly lowered
her jar from her shoulder and said, ‘Drink, and I’ll water your camels too.’ So
I drank, and she watered the camels also.
“I asked her, ‘Whose daughter are you?’ “She
said, ‘The daughter of Bethuel son of Nahor, whom Milcah bore to him.’ “Then I
put the ring in her nose and the bracelets on her arms, and I bowed down and
worshipped the LORD. I praised the LORD, the God of my master Abraham, who had led
me on the right road to get the granddaughter of my master’s brother for his
son.
Now if you will show kindness and faithfulness
to my master, tell me; and if not, tell me, so I may know which way to turn.”
Laban and Bethuel
answered, “This is from the LORD; we can say nothing to you one way
or the other. Here is Rebekah; take her and go, and let her become the wife of
your master’s son, as the LORD has directed.”
When Abraham’s servant heard what they said,
he bowed down to the ground before the LORD. Then the servant brought out gold
and silver jewellery and articles of clothing and gave them to Rebekah; he also
gave costly gifts to her brother and to her mother.
Then he and the men who were with him ate and
drank and spent the night there. When they got up the next morning, he said,
“Send me on my way to my master.”
But her brother and her mother replied, “Let
the girl remain with us ten days or so; then she may go.”
But he said to them, “Do not detain me, now
that the LORD has granted success to my journey. Send me on my way so I may go
to my master.”
Then they said, “Let’s call the girl and ask
her about it.”
So they called Rebekah and asked her, “Will
you go with this man?” “I will go,” she said.
So they sent their sister Rebekah on her way,
along with her nurse and Abraham’s servant and his men.
And they blessed Rebekah and said to her, “Our
sister, may you increase to thousands upon thousands; may your offspring
possess the gates of their enemies.”
Then Rebekah and her maids got ready and
mounted their camels and went back with the man. So the servant took Rebekah
and left.
Now Isaac had come from Beer Lahai Roi, for he
was living in the Negev.
He went out to the
field one evening to meditate, and as he looked up, he saw camels approaching.
Rebekah also looked up and saw Isaac. She got
down from her camel and asked the servant, “Who is that man in the field coming
to meet us?” “He is my master,” the servant answered. So she took her veil and
covered herself.
Then the servant told Isaac all he had done.
Isaac brought her into the tent of his mother Sarah, and he married Rebekah. So
she became his wife, and he loved her; and Isaac was comforted after his
mother’s death.
CHAPTER 25
Abraham took
another wife, whose name was Keturah. She bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan,
Midian, Ishbak and Shuah.
Jokshan was the father of Sheba and Dedan; the
descendants of Dedan were the Asshurites, the Letushites and the Leummites.
The sons of Midian were Ephah, Epher, Hanoch,
Abida and Eldaah. All these were descendants of Keturah.
Abraham left everything he owned to Isaac. But
while he was still living, he gave gifts to the sons of his concubines and sent
them away from his son Isaac to the land of the east.
Altogether, Abraham lived a hundred and
seventy-five years. Then Abraham breathed his last and died at a good old age, an
old man and full of years; and he was gathered to his people.
His sons Isaac and
Ishmael buried him in the cave of Machpelah near Mamre, in the
field of Ephron son of Zohar the Hittite, the field Abraham had bought from the
Hittites. There Abraham was buried with his wife Sarah.
After Abraham’s death, God blessed his son
Isaac, who then lived near Beer Lahai Roi.
This is the account of Abraham’s son Ishmael,
whom Sarah’s maidservant, Hagar the Egyptian, bore to Abraham. These are the
names of the sons of Ishmael, listed in the order of their birth: Nebaioth the
firstborn of Ishmael, Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema,
Jetur, Naphish and Kedemah.
These were the sons of Ishmael, and these are
the names of the twelve tribal rulers according to their settlements and camps.
Altogether, Ishmael lived a hundred and
thirty-seven years. He breathed his last and died, and he was gathered to his people.
His descendants settled in the area from
Havilah to Shur, near the border of Egypt, as you go towards Asshur. And they lived
in hostility towards all their brothers.
This is the account of Abraham’s son Isaac.
Abraham became the father of Isaac, and Isaac was forty years old when he
married Rebekah daughter of Bethuel the Aramean from Paddan Aram [That is,
North-west Mesopotamia] and sister of Laban the Aramean.
Isaac prayed to the
LORD on behalf of his wife, because she was barren. The LORD answered
his prayer, and his wife Rebekah became pregnant.
The babies jostled each other within her, and
she said, “Why is this happening to me?” So she went to enquire of the LORD.
The LORD said to her, “Two nations are in your
womb, and two peoples from within you will be separated; one people will be
stronger than the other, and the older will serve the
younger.”
When the time came for her to give birth,
there were twin boys in her womb. The first to come out was red, and his whole
body was like a hairy garment; so they named him Esau. [ he was also called
Edom.] After this, his brother came out, with his hand grasping Esau’s heel; so
he was named Jacob. [Jacob means he grasps the heel (figuratively, he
deceives).] Isaac was sixty years old when Rebekah gave birth to them.
The boys grew up, and Esau became a skilful
hunter, a man of the open country, while Jacob was a quiet man, staying among
the tents.
Isaac, who had a taste for wild game, loved Esau,
but Rebekah loved Jacob.
Once when Jacob was cooking some stew, Esau
came in from the open country, famished.
He said to Jacob, “Quick, let me have some of
that red stew! I’m famished!”
Jacob replied, “First sell me your
birthright.”
“Look, I am about to die,” Esau said. “What
good is the birthright to me?”
But Jacob said,
“Swear to me first.” So he swore an oath to him, selling his birthright to
Jacob.
Then Jacob gave Esau some bread and some
lentil stew. He ate and drank, and then got up and left. So Esau despised his birthright.
CHAPTER 26
Now there was a famine in the land — besides
the earlier famine of Abraham’s time — and Isaac went to Abimelech king of the
Philistines in Gerar.
The LORD appeared to Isaac and said, “Do not
go down to Egypt; live in the land where I tell you to live. Stay in this land
for a while, and I will be with you and will bless you. For to you and your
descendants I will give all these lands and will confirm the oath I swore to
your father Abraham. I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in
the sky and will give them all these lands, and through your offspring all
nations on earth will be blessed, because Abraham obeyed me and kept my
requirements, my commands, my decrees and my laws.”
So Isaac stayed in Gerar. When the men of that
place asked him about his wife, he said,
“She is my sister,” because he was afraid to say, “She is
my wife.” He thought, “The men of this place might kill me on account of
Rebekah, because she is beautiful.”
When Isaac had been there a long time,
Abimelech king of the Philistines looked down from a window and saw Isaac caressing
his wife Rebekah.
So Abimelech summoned Isaac and said, “She is
really your wife! Why did you say, ‘She is my sister’?” Isaac answered him,
“Because I thought I might lose my life on account of
her.”
Then Abimelech said, “What is this you have
done to us? One of the men might well have slept with your wife, and you would
have brought guilt upon us.”
So Abimelech gave orders to all the people:
“Anyone who molests this man or his wife shall surely be put to death.”
Isaac planted crops in that land and the same
year reaped a hundredfold, because the LORD blessed him. The man became rich,
and his wealth continued to grow until he became very wealthy. He had so many
flocks and herds and servants that the Philistines envied him.
So all the wells that his father’s servants
had dug in the time of his father Abraham, the Philistines stopped up, filling
them with earth.
Then Abimelech said to Isaac, “Move away from
us; you have become too powerful for us.”
So Isaac moved away from there and encamped in
the Valley of Gerar and settled there. Isaac reopened the wells that had been dug in
the time of his father Abraham, which the Philistines had stopped up after Abraham
died, and he gave them the same names his father had given them.
Isaac’s servants dug in the valley and
discovered a well of fresh water there.
But the herdsmen of Gerar quarrelled with
Isaac’s herdsmen and said, “The water is ours!” So he named the well Esek, [Esek
means dispute.] because they disputed with him.
Then they dug another well, but they
quarrelled over that one also; so he named it Sitnah. [Sitnah means
opposition.]
He moved on from
there and dug another well, and no-one quarrelled over it. He named it
Rehoboth, [Rehoboth means room.] saying, “Now the LORD has given us room and we will
flourish in the land.”
From there he went up to Beersheba. That night
the LORD appeared to him and said, “I am the God of your father Abraham. Do not
be afraid, for I am with you; I will bless you and will increase the number of
your descendants for the sake of my servant Abraham.”
Isaac built an altar there and called on the
name of the LORD. There he pitched his tent, and there his servants dug a well.
Meanwhile, Abimelech had come to him from
Gerar, with Ahuzzath his personal adviser and Phicol the commander of his
forces.
Isaac asked them, “Why have you come to me,
since you were hostile to me and sent me away?”
They answered, “We saw clearly that the LORD
was with you; so we said, ‘There ought to be a sworn agreement between us’ —
between us and you. Let us make a treaty with you that you will do us no harm,
just as we did not molest you but always treated you well and sent you away in
peace. And now you are blessed by the LORD.”
Isaac then made a feast for them, and they ate
and drank.
Early the next morning the men swore an oath
to each other. Then Isaac sent them on their way, and they left him in peace.
That day Isaac’s servants came and told him
about the well they had dug. They said, “We’ve found water!”
He called it Shibah, [Shibah can mean oath or
seven.] and to this day the name of the town has been Beersheba. [Beersheba can
mean well of the oath or well of seven.]
When Esau was forty
years old, he married Judith daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and also
Basemath daughter of Elon the
Hittite. They were a source of grief to Isaac
and Rebekah.
CHAPTER 27
When Isaac was old and his eyes were so weak
that he could no longer see, he called for Esau his older son and said to him,
“My son.” “Here I am,” he answered.
Isaac said, “I am now an old man and don’t
know the day of my death.
Now then, get your weapons — your quiver and
bow — and go out to the open country to hunt some wild game for me. Prepare me
the kind of tasty food I like and bring it to me to eat, so that I may give you
my blessing before I die.”
Now Rebekah was listening as Isaac spoke to
his son Esau. When Esau left for the open country to hunt game and bring it
back, Rebekah said to her son Jacob, “Look, I overheard your father say to your
brother Esau, ‘Bring me some game and prepare me some tasty food to eat, so
that I may give you my blessing in the presence of the LORD before I die.’
Now, my son, listen carefully and do what I
tell you: Go out to the flock and bring me two choice young goats, so that I can
prepare some tasty food for your father, just the way he likes it. Then take it
to your father to eat, so that he may give you his blessing before he dies.”
Jacob said to Rebekah his mother, “But my
brother Esau is a hairy man, and I’m a man with smooth skin. What if my father
touches me? I would appear to be tricking him and would bring down a curse on
myself rather than a blessing.”
His mother said to him, “My son, let the curse
fall on me. Just do what I say; go and get them for me.”
So he went and got them and brought them to
his mother, and she prepared some tasty food, just the way his father liked it.
Then Rebekah took the best clothes of Esau her
older son, which she had in the house, and put them on her younger son Jacob.
She also covered his hands and the smooth part of his neck with the goatskins.
Then she handed to her son Jacob the tasty food and the bread she had made.
He went to his father and said, “My father.”
“Yes, my son,” he answered. “Who is it?”
Jacob said to his father, “I am Esau your
firstborn. I have done as you told me. Please sit up and eat some of my game so
that you may give me your blessing.”
Isaac asked his son, “How did you find it so
quickly, my son?” “The LORD your God gave me success,” he replied.
Then Isaac said to Jacob, “Come near so I can
touch you, my son, to know whether you really are my son Esau or not.”
Ge. 27:22 Jacob went close to his father Isaac, who touched
him and
said, “The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are
the
hands of Esau.”
He did not recognise him, for his hands were
hairy like those of his brother Esau; so he blessed him.
“Are you really my son Esau?” he asked. “I
am,” he replied.
Then he said, “My
son, bring me some of your game to eat, so that I may give you my blessing.”
Jacob brought it to him and he ate; and he brought some wine and he drank.
Then his father Isaac said to him, “Come here,
my son, and kiss me.”
So he went to him and kissed him. When Isaac
caught the smell of his clothes, he blessed him and said, “Ah, the smell of my
son is like the smell of a field that the LORD has blessed.
May God give you of heaven’s dew and of
earth’s richness— an abundance of grain and new wine. May nations serve you and
peoples bow down to you. Be lord over your brothers, and may the sons of your
mother bow down to you. May those who curse you be cursed and
those who bless you be blessed.”
After Isaac finished blessing him and Jacob
had scarcely left his father’s presence, his brother Esau came in from hunting.
He too prepared some tasty food and brought it to his father. Then he said to
him, “My father, sit up and eat some of my game, so that you may give me your blessing.”
His father Isaac asked him, “Who are you?” “I
am your son,” he answered, “your firstborn, Esau.”
Isaac trembled violently and said, “Who was
it, then, that hunted game and brought it to me? I ate it just before you came
and I blessed him — and indeed he will be blessed!”
When Esau heard his father’s words, he burst
out with a loud and bitter cry and said to his father, “Bless me — me too, my father!”
But he said, “Your brother came deceitfully
and took your blessing.”
Esau said, “Isn’t he rightly named Jacob?
[Jacob means he grasps the heel (figuratively, he deceives).] He has deceived me
these two times: He took my birthright, and now he’s taken my blessing!” Then
he asked, “Haven’t you reserved any blessing for me?”
Isaac answered Esau, “I have made him lord
over you and have made all his relatives his servants, and I have sustained him
with grain and new wine. So what can I possibly do for
you, my son?”
Esau said to his father, “Do you have only one
blessing, my father? Bless me too, my father!” Then Esau wept aloud.
His father Isaac answered him, “Your dwelling
will be away from the earth’s richness, away from the dew of heaven above. You
will live by the sword and you will serve your brother. But when you grow
restless, you will throw his yoke from off your neck.”
Esau held a grudge against Jacob because of
the blessing his father had given him. He said to himself, “The days of mourning
for my father are near; then I will kill my brother Jacob.”
When Rebekah was told what her older son Esau
had said, she sent for her younger son Jacob and said to him, “Your brother
Esau is consoling himself with the thought of killing you.
Now then, my son, do what I say: Flee at once
to my brother Laban in Haran. Stay with him for a while until your brother’s
fury subsides. When your brother is no longer angry with you and forgets what
you did to him, I’ll send word for you to come back from there. Why should I
lose both of you in one day?”
Then Rebekah said to Isaac, “I’m disgusted
with living because of these Hittite women. If Jacob takes a wife from among
the women of this land, from Hittite women like
these, my life will not be worth living.”
CHAPTER 28
So Isaac called for Jacob and blessed [Or
greeted] him and commanded him: “Do not marry a Canaanite woman. Go at once to
Paddan Aram, [That is, North-west Mesopotamia] to the house of your mother’s
father Bethuel. Take a wife for yourself there, from among the daughters of
Laban, your mother’s brother.
May God Almighty [Hebrew El-Shaddai] bless you
and make you fruitful and increase your numbers until you become a community of
peoples. May he give you and your descendants the blessing given to Abraham, so
that you may take possession of the land where you now live as an alien, the
land God gave to Abraham.”
Then Isaac sent Jacob on his way, and he went
to Paddan Aram, to Laban son of Bethuel the Aramean, the brother of Rebekah,
who was the mother of Jacob and Esau.
Now Esau learned that Isaac had blessed Jacob
and had sent him to Paddan Aram to take a wife from there, and that when he
blessed him he commanded him, “Do not marry a Canaanite woman,” and that Jacob
had obeyed his father and mother and had gone to Paddan Aram.
Esau then realised how displeasing the
Canaanite women were to his father Isaac; so he went to Ishmael and married
Mahalath, the sister of Nebaioth and daughter of Ishmael son of Abraham, in addition
to the wives he already had.
Jacob left Beersheba and set out for Haran.
When he reached a certain place, he stopped for the night because the sun had
set. Taking one of the stones there, he put it under his head and lay down to
sleep.
He had a dream in
which he saw a stairway [Or ladder] resting on the earth, with its
top reaching to heaven, and the
angels of God were ascending and descending on
it.
There above it [Or There beside him] stood the
LORD, and he said: “I am the LORD, the God of your father Abraham and the God
of Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the land on which you are lying.
Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out to
the west and to the east, to the north and to the south. All peoples on earth
will be blessed through you and your offspring. I am with you and will watch
over you wherever you go, and I will bring you back to this land. I will not
leave you until I have done what I have promised you.”
When Jacob awoke from his sleep, he thought,
“Surely the LORD is in this place, and I was not aware of it.”
He was afraid and said, “How awesome is this
place! This is none other than the house of God; this is the gate of heaven.”
Early the next morning Jacob took the stone he
had placed under his head and set it up as a pillar and poured oil on top of
it.
He called that place Bethel, [Bethel means
house of God.] though the city used to be called Luz.
Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God will be
with me and will watch over me on this journey I am taking and will give me
food to eat and clothes to wear so that I return safely to my father’s house,
and the LORD will be my God, this stone that I have set up as a pillar will be God’s
house, and of all that you give me I will give you a tenth.”
CHAPTER 29
Then Jacob continued on his journey and came
to the land of the eastern peoples.
There he saw a well in the field, with three
flocks of sheep lying near it because the flocks were watered from that well. The
stone over the mouth of the well was large. When all the flocks were gathered
there, the shepherds would roll the stone away from the well’s mouth and water
the sheep. Then they would return the stone to its place over the mouth of the
well.
Jacob asked the shepherds, “My brothers, where
are you from?” “We’re from Haran,” they replied.
He said to them, “Do you know Laban, Nahor’s
grandson?” “Yes, we know him,” they answered.
Then Jacob asked them, “Is he well?” “Yes, he
is,” they said, “and here comes his daughter Rachel with the sheep.”
“Look,” he said, “the sun is still high; it is
not time for the flocks to be gathered. Water the sheep and take them back to pasture.”
“We can’t,” they replied, “until all the
flocks are gathered and the stone has been rolled away from the mouth of the
well. Then we will water the sheep.”
While he was still talking with them, Rachel
came with her father’s sheep, for she was a shepherdess. When Jacob saw Rachel
daughter of Laban, his mother’s brother, and Laban’s sheep, he went over and
rolled the stone away from the mouth of the well and watered his uncle’s sheep.
Then Jacob kissed Rachel and began to weep
aloud. He had told Rachel that he was a relative of her father and a son of
Rebekah. So she ran and told her father.
As soon as Laban
heard the news about Jacob, his sister’s son, he hurried to meet him. He
embraced him and kissed him and brought him to his home, and there Jacob told him all these
things.
Then Laban said to him, “You are my own flesh
and blood.” After Jacob had stayed with him for a whole month, Laban said to
him, “Just because you are a relative of mine, should you work for me for
nothing? Tell me what your wages should be.”
Now Laban had two daughters; the name of the
older was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel.
Leah had weak [Or delicate] eyes, but Rachel
was lovely in form, and beautiful.
Jacob was in love with Rachel and said, “I’ll
work for you seven years in return for your younger daughter Rachel.”
Laban said, “It’s better that I give her to
you than to some other man. Stay here with me.”
So Jacob served seven years to get Rachel, but
they seemed like only a few days to him because of his love for her.
Then Jacob said to Laban, “Give me my wife. My
time is completed, and I want to lie with her.”
So Laban brought together all the people of
the place and gave a feast. But when evening came, he took his daughter Leah
and gave her to Jacob, and Jacob lay with her. And Laban gave his servant girl
Zilpah to his daughter as her maidservant.
When morning came, there was Leah! So Jacob
said to Laban, “What is this you have done to me? I served you for Rachel,
didn’t I? Why have you deceived me?”
Laban replied, “It is not our custom here to
give the younger daughter in marriage before the older one.
Finish this
daughter’s bridal week; then we will give you the younger one also, in
return for another seven years of work.”
And Jacob did so. He finished the week with
Leah, and then Laban gave him his daughter Rachel to be his wife.
Laban gave his servant girl Bilhah to his
daughter Rachel as her maidservant.
Jacob lay with Rachel also, and he loved
Rachel more than Leah. And he worked for Laban another seven years.
When the LORD saw that Leah was not loved, he
opened her womb, but Rachel was barren.
Leah became pregnant and gave birth to a son.
She named him Reuben, for she said, “It is
because the LORD has seen my misery. Surely my husband will
love me now.”
She conceived again, and when she gave birth
to a son she said, “Because the LORD heard that I am not loved, he gave me this
one too.” So she named him Simeon.
Again she conceived, and when she gave birth
to a son she said, “Now at last my husband will become attached to me, because
I have borne him three sons.” So he was named Levi.
She conceived again, and when she gave birth
to a son she said, “This time I will praise the LORD.” So she named him Judah.
Then she stopped having children.
CHAPTER 30
When Rachel saw that she was not bearing Jacob
any children, she became jealous of her sister. So she said to Jacob, “Give me
children, or I’ll die!”
Jacob became angry with her and said, “Am I in
the place of God, who has kept you from having children?”
Then she said, “Here is Bilhah, my
maidservant. Sleep with her so that she can bear children for me and that
through her I too can build a family.”
So she gave him her servant Bilhah as a wife.
Jacob slept with her, and she became pregnant and bore him a son.
Then Rachel said, “God has vindicated me; he
has listened to my plea and given me a son.” Because of this she named him Dan.
Rachel’s servant Bilhah conceived again and
bore Jacob a second son. Then Rachel said, “I have had a great struggle with my
sister, and I have won.” So she named him Naphtali.
When Leah saw that she had stopped having
children, she took her maidservant Zilpah and gave her to Jacob as a wife.
Leah’s servant Zilpah bore Jacob a son. Then
Leah said, “What good fortune!” So she named him Gad.
Leah’s servant Zilpah bore Jacob a second son.
Then Leah said, “How happy I am! The women will call me happy.” So she named
him Asher.
During wheat
harvest, Reuben went out into the fields and found some mandrake plants,
which he brought to his mother
Leah. Rachel said to Leah, “Please give me
some of your son’s mandrakes.”
But she said to her, “Wasn’t it enough that
you took away my husband? Will you take my son’s mandrakes too?” “Very well,”
Rachel said, “he can sleep with you tonight in return for your son’s
mandrakes.”
So when Jacob came in from the fields that
evening, Leah went out to meet him. “You must sleep with me,” she said. “I have
hired you with my son’s mandrakes.” So he slept with her that night.
God listened to Leah, and she became pregnant
and bore Jacob a fifth son.
Then Leah said, “God has rewarded me for
giving my maidservant to my husband.” So she named him Issachar.
Leah conceived again and bore Jacob a sixth
son.
Then Leah said, “God has presented me with a
precious gift. This time my husband will treat me with honour, because I have
borne him six sons.” So she named him Zebulun.
Some time later she gave birth to a daughter
and named her Dinah.
Then God remembered Rachel; he listened to her
and opened her womb. She became pregnant and gave birth to a son and said, “God
has taken away my disgrace.”
She named him Joseph, and said, “May the LORD
add to me another son.”
After Rachel gave birth to Joseph, Jacob said
to Laban, “Send me on my way so that I can go back to my own homeland.
Give me my wives and
children, for whom I have served you, and I will be on my way. You know
how much work I’ve done for you.”
But Laban said to him, “If I have found favour
in your eyes, please stay. I have learned by divination that [Or possibly have
become rich and] the LORD has blessed me because of
you.”
He added, “Name your wages, and I will pay
them.”
Jacob said to him, “You know how I have worked
for you and how your livestock has fared under my care. The little you had
before I came has increased greatly, and the LORD has blessed you wherever I
have been. But now, when may I do something for my own household?”
“What shall I give you?” he asked. “Don’t give
me anything,” Jacob replied. “But if you will do this one thing for me, I will go
on tending your flocks and watching over them: Let me go through all your
flocks today and remove from them every speckled or spotted sheep, every
dark-coloured lamb and every spotted or speckled goat. They will be my wages.
And my honesty will testify for me in the future, whenever you check on the
wages you have paid me. Any goat in my possession that is not speckled or
spotted, or any lamb that is not dark-coloured, will be considered stolen.”
“Agreed,” said Laban. “Let it be as you have
said.”
That same day he removed all the male goats
that were streaked or spotted, and all the speckled or spotted female goats
(all that had white on them) and all the dark-coloured
lambs, and he placed them in the care of his sons.
Then he put a three-day journey between
himself and Jacob, while Jacob continued to tend the rest of Laban’s flocks.
Jacob, however, took fresh-cut branches from poplar,
almond and plane trees and made white stripes on them by peeling the bark and
exposing the white inner wood of the branches.
Then he placed the peeled branches in all the
watering troughs, so that they would be directly in front of the flocks when
they came to drink. When the flocks were in heat and came to drink, they mated
in front of the branches. And they bore young that were streaked or speckled or
spotted.
Jacob set apart the young of the flock by
themselves, but made the rest face the streaked and dark-coloured animals that
belonged to Laban. Thus he made separate flocks for himself and did not put
them with Laban’s animals.
Whenever the stronger females were in heat,
Jacob would place the branches in the troughs in front of the animals so that
they would mate near the branches, but if the animals were weak, he would not
place them there. So the weak animals went to Laban and the strong ones to Jacob.
In this way the man grew exceedingly
prosperous and came to own large flocks, and maidservants and menservants, and camels
and donkeys.
CHAPTER 31
Jacob heard that Laban’s sons were saying,
“Jacob has taken everything our father owned and has gained all this wealth from
what belonged to our father.” And Jacob noticed that Laban’s attitude towards
him was not what it had been.
Then the LORD said to Jacob, “Go back to the
land of your fathers and to your relatives, and I will be with you.”
So Jacob sent word
to Rachel and Leah to come out to the fields where his flocks were.
He said to them, “I see that your father’s
attitude towards me is not what it was before, but the God of my father has
been with me.
You know that I’ve worked for your father with
all my strength, yet your father has cheated me by changing my wages ten times.
However, God has not allowed him to harm me. If he said, ‘The speckled ones
will be your wages,’ then all the flocks gave birth to speckled young; and if
he said, ‘The streaked ones will be your wages,’ then all the flocks bore streaked
young.
So God has taken away your father’s livestock
and has given them to me. “In the
breeding season I once had a dream in which I looked up and saw that the male
goats mating with the flock were streaked, speckled or spotted.
The angel of God said to me in the dream,
‘Jacob.’ I answered, ‘Here I am.’ And he said, ‘Look up and see that all the
male goats mating with the flock are streaked, speckled or spotted, for I have seen
all that Laban has been doing to you.
I am the God of Bethel, where you anointed a
pillar and where you made a vow to me. Now leave this land at once and go back
to your native land.’”
Then Rachel and Leah replied, “Do we still
have any share in the inheritance of our father’s estate?
Does he not regard us as foreigners? Not only
has he sold us, but he has used up what was paid for us. Surely all the wealth
that God took away from our father belongs to us and our children. So do
whatever God has told you.”
Then Jacob put his children and his wives on
camels, and he drove all his livestock ahead of him, along with all the goods
he had accumulated in Paddan Aram, [That is, Northwest Mesopotamia] to go to
his father Isaac in the land of Canaan.
When Laban had gone to shear his sheep, Rachel
stole her father’s household gods.
Moreover, Jacob deceived Laban the Aramean by
not telling him he was running away. So he fled with all he had, and crossing
the River, [That is, the Euphrates] he headed for the hill country of Gilead.
On the third day Laban was told that Jacob had
fled. Taking his relatives with him, he pursued Jacob for seven days and caught
up with him in the hill country of Gilead.
Then God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream
at night and said to him, “Be careful not to say anything to Jacob, either good
or bad.”
Jacob had pitched his tent in the hill country
of Gilead when Laban overtook him, and Laban and his relatives camped there
too.
Then Laban said to Jacob, “What have you done?
You’ve deceived me, and you’ve carried off my daughters like captives in war.
Why did you run off secretly and deceive me? Why didn’t you tell me, so that I
could send you away with joy and singing to the music of tambourines and harps?
You didn’t even let me kiss my grandchildren and my daughters good-bye. You
have done a foolish thing.
I have the power to
harm you; but last night the God of your father said to me, ‘Be careful
not to say anything to Jacob,
either good or bad.’
Now you have gone off because you longed to
return to your father’s house. But why did you steal my gods?”
Jacob answered Laban, “I was afraid, because I
thought you would take your daughters away from me by force. But if you find
anyone who has your gods, he shall not live. In the presence of our relatives,
see for yourself whether there is anything of yours here with me; and if so,
take it.”
Now Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen the gods.
So Laban went into Jacob’s tent and into
Leah’s tent and into the tent of the two maidservants, but he found nothing.
After he came out of Leah’s tent, he entered Rachel’s tent.
Now Rachel had taken the household gods and
put them inside her camel’s saddle and was sitting on them. Laban searched
through everything in the tent but found nothing. Rachel said to her father,
“Don’t be angry, my lord, that I cannot stand up in your presence; I’m having
my period.” So he searched but could not find the household gods.
Jacob was angry and took Laban to task. “What
is my crime?” he asked Laban. “What sin have I committed that you hunt me down?
Now that you have searched through all my goods, what have you found that
belongs to your household? Put it here in front of your relatives and mine, and
let them judge between the two of us.
“I have been with you for twenty years now.
Your sheep and goats have not miscarried, nor have I eaten rams from your flocks.
I did not bring you animals torn by wild beasts; I bore the loss myself. And
you demanded payment from me for whatever was stolen by day or night. This was
my situation: The heat consumed me in the daytime and the cold at night, and
sleep fled from my eyes.
It was like this for the twenty years I was in
your household. I worked for you fourteen years for your two daughters and six
years for your flocks, and you changed my wages ten
times. If the God of my father, the God of Abraham and the
Fear of Isaac, had not been with me, you would surely have sent me away
empty-handed. But God has seen my hardship and thetoil of my hands, and last
night he rebuked you.”
Laban answered Jacob, “The women are my
daughters, the children are my children, and the flocks are my flocks. All you
see is mine. Yet what can I do today about these daughters of mine, or about
the children they have borne? Come now, let’s make a covenant, you and I, and
let it serve as a witness between us.”
So Jacob took a stone and set it up as a
pillar. He said to his relatives,
“Gather some stones.” So they took stones and piled them in a heap, and they
ate there by the heap.
Laban called it Jegar Sahadutha, [The Aramaic
Jegar Sahadutha means witness heap.] and Jacob called it Galeed. [The Hebrew
Galeed means witness heap.]
Laban said, “This heap is a witness between
you and me today.” That is why it was called Galeed.
It was also called Mizpah, [Mizpah means
watchtower.] because he said, “May the LORD keep watch between you and me when
we are away from each other. If you ill-treat my daughters or if you take any
wives besides my daughters, even though no-one is with us, remember that God is
a witness between you and me.”
Laban also said to Jacob, “Here is this heap,
and here is this pillar I have set up between you and me. This heap is a
witness, and this pillar is a witness, that I will not go past this heap to
your side to harm you and that you will not go past this heap and pillar to my
side to harm me.
May the God of Abraham and the God of Nahor,
the God of their father, judge between us.” So Jacob took an oath in the name
of the Fear of his father Isaac.
He offered a sacrifice there in the hill
country and invited his relatives to a meal. After they had eaten, they spent
the night there.
Early the next morning Laban kissed his
grandchildren and his daughters and blessed them. Then he left and returned home.
CHAPTER 32
Jacob also went on his way, and the angels of
God met him.
When Jacob saw them, he said, “This is the
camp of God!” So he named that place Mahanaim. [Mahanaim means two camps.]
Jacob sent messengers ahead of him to his
brother Esau in the land of Seir, the country of Edom.
He instructed them: “This is what you are to
say to my master Esau: ‘Your servant Jacob says, I have been staying with Laban
and have remained there till now. I have
cattle and donkeys, sheep and goats, menservants and maidservants. Now I am
sending this message to my lord, that I may find favour in your eyes.’”
When the messengers returned to Jacob, they
said, “We went to your brother Esau, and now he is coming to meet you, and four
hundred men are with him.”
In great fear and distress Jacob divided the
people who were with him into two groups, and the flocks and herds and camels
as well. He thought, “If Esau comes and attacks one group, the group that is
left may escape.”
Then Jacob prayed, “O God of my father
Abraham, God of my father Isaac, O LORD, who said to me, ‘Go back to your country
and your relatives, and I will make you prosper,’
I am unworthy of all the kindness and
faithfulness you have shown your servant. I had only my staff when I crossed
this Jordan, but now I have become two groups. Save me, I pray, from the hand
of my brother Esau, for I am afraid he will come and attack me, and also the
mothers with
their children. But you have said, ‘I will surely make you
prosper and will make your descendants like the sand of the sea, which cannot be
counted.’”
He spent the night there, and from what he had
with him he selected a gift for his brother Esau: two hundred female goats and
twenty male goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams, thirty female camels with
their young, forty cows and ten bulls, and twenty female donkeys and ten male
donkeys.
He put them in the care of his servants, each
herd by itself, and said to his servants, “Go ahead of me, and keep some space
between the herds.”
He instructed the one in the lead: “When my
brother Esau meets you and asks, ‘To whom do you belong, and where are you
going, and who owns all these animals in front of you?’ then you are to say,
‘They belong to your servant Jacob. They are a gift sent to my lord Esau, and
he is coming behind us.’”
He also instructed the second, the third and
all the others who followed the herds: “You are to say the same thing to Esau
when you meet him. And be sure to say, ‘Your servant Jacob is coming behind us.’”
For he thought, “I will pacify him with these gifts I am sending on ahead;
later, when I see him, perhaps he will receive me.”
So Jacob’s gifts went on ahead of him, but he
himself spent the night in the camp.
That night Jacob got up and took his two
wives, his two maidservants and his eleven sons and crossed the ford of the Jabbok.
After he had sent them across the stream, he sent over all his possessions.
So Jacob was left alone, and a man wrestled
with him till daybreak.
When the man saw that he could not overpower
him, he touched the socket of Jacob’s hip so that his hip was wrenched as he
wrestled with the man.
Then the man said, “Let me go, for it is
daybreak.” But Jacob replied, “I will not let you go unless you bless me.”
The man asked him, “What is your name?”
“Jacob,” he answered.
Then the man said, “Your name will no longer
be Jacob, but Israel, [Israel means he struggles with God.] because you have
struggled with God and with men and have overcome.”
Jacob said, “Please tell me your name.” But he
replied, “Why do you ask my name?” Then he blessed him there.
So Jacob called the place Peniel, [Peniel
means face of God.] saying, “It is because I saw God face to face, and yet my
life was spared.”
The sun rose above him as he passed Peniel,
and he was limping because of his hip. Therefore to this day the Israelites do
not eat the tendon attached to the socket of the hip, because the socket of Jacob’s
hip was touched near the tendon.
CHAPTER 33
Jacob looked up and there was Esau, coming
with his four hundred men; so he divided the children among Leah, Rachel and
the two maidservants. He put the maidservants and their children in front, Leah
and her children next, and Rachel and Joseph in the rear. He himself went on
ahead and bowed down to the ground seven times as he approached his brother.
But Esau ran to meet Jacob and embraced him;
he threw his arms around his neck and kissed him. And they wept.
Then Esau looked up
and saw the women and children. “Whoare these with you?” he asked. Jacob
answered, “They are the children God has graciously given your servant.”
Then the maidservants and their children
approached and bowed down. Next, Leah and her children came and bowed down.
Last of all came Joseph and Rachel, and they too bowed down.
Esau asked, “What do you mean by all these
droves I met?” “To find favour in your eyes, my lord,” he said.
But Esau said, “I already have plenty, my
brother. Keep what you have for yourself.”
“No, please!” said Jacob. “If I have found
favour in your eyes, accept this gift from me. For to see your face is like seeing
the face of God, now that you have received me favourably.
Please accept the
present that was brought to you, for God has been gracious to me and I
have all I need.” And because
Jacob insisted, Esau accepted it.
Then Esau said, “Let us be on our way; I’ll
accompany you.”
But Jacob said to him, “My lord knows that the
children are tender and that I must care for the ewes and cows that are nursing
their young. If they are driven hard just one day, all the animals will die.
So let my lord go on ahead of his servant,
while I move along slowly at the pace of the droves before me and that of the children,
until I come to my lord in Seir.”
Esau said, “Then let me leave some of my men
with you.”
“But why do that?”
Jacob asked. “Just let me find favour in the eyes of my lord.”
So that day Esau started on his way back to
Seir. Jacob, however, went to Succoth, where he built a place for himself and
made shelters for his livestock. That is why the place is called Succoth.
After Jacob came from Paddan Aram, [That is,
North-west Mesopotamia] he arrived safely at the city of Shechem in Canaan and
camped within sight of the city. For a hundred pieces of silver, he bought from
the sons of Hamor, the father of Shechem, the plot of ground where he pitched
his tent. There he set up an altar and called it El Elohe Israel. [El Elohe
Israel can mean God, the God of Israel or mighty is the God of Israel.]
CHAPTER 34
Now Dinah, the daughter Leah had borne to
Jacob, went out to visit the women of the land.
When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, the
ruler of that area, saw her, he took her and raped her.
His heart was drawn to Dinah daughter of
Jacob, and he loved the girl and spoke tenderly to her. And Shechem said to his
father Hamor, “Get me this girl as my wife.”
When Jacob heard that his daughter Dinah had
been defiled, his sons were in the fields with his livestock; so he kept quiet about
it until they came home.
Then Shechem’s father Hamor went out to talk
with Jacob.
Now Jacob’s sons had come in from the fields
as soon as they heard what had happened. They were filled with grief and fury,
because Shechem had done a disgraceful thing in [Or against] Israel by lying
with Jacob’s daughter — a thing that should not be done.
But Hamor said to them, “My son Shechem has
his heart set on your daughter. Please give her to him as his wife.
Intermarry with us; give us your daughters and
take our daughters for yourselves. You can settle among us; the land is open to
you. Live in it, trade in it, and acquire property in it.”
Then Shechem said to Dinah’s father and
brothers, “Let me find favour in your eyes, and I will give you whatever you ask.
Make the price for the bride and the gift I am to bring as great as you like,
and I’ll pay whatever you ask me. Only give me the girl as my wife.”
Because their sister
Dinah had been defiled, Jacob’s sons replied deceitfully as they
spoke to Shechem and his father
Hamor.
They said to them, “We can’t do such a thing;
we can’t give our sister to a man who is not circumcised. That would be a disgrace
to us. We will give our consent to you on one condition only: that you become
like us by circumcising all your males. Then we will give you our daughters and
take your daughters for ourselves. We’ll settle among you and become one people
with you. But if you will not agree to be circumcised, we’ll take our sister
and go.”
Their proposal seemed good to Hamor and his
son Shechem. The young man, who was the most honoured of all his father’s
household, lost no time in doing what they said, because he was delighted with
Jacob’s daughter.
So Hamor and his son Shechem went to the gate
of their city to speak to their fellow townsmen. “These men are friendly
towards us,” they said. “Let them live in our land and trade in it; the land
has plenty of room for them. We can marry their daughters and they can marry
ours.
But the men will consent to live with us as
one people only on the condition that our males be circumcised, as they themselves
are.
Won’t their livestock, their property and all
their other animals become ours? So let us give our consent to them, and they will
settle among us.”
All the men who went out of the city gate
agreed with Hamor and his son Shechem, and every male in the city was circumcised.
Three days later,
while all of them were still in pain, two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon and Levi,
Dinah’s brothers, took their swords and attacked the unsuspecting city, killing every
male.
They put Hamor and his son Shechem to the
sword and took Dinah from Shechem’s house and left.
The sons of Jacob came upon the dead bodies
and looted the city where their sister had been defiled. They seized their
flocks and herds and donkeys and everything else of theirs in the city and out
in the fields. They carried off all their wealth and all their women and children,
taking as plunder everything in the houses.
Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have
brought trouble on me by making me a stench to the Canaanites and Perizzites,
the people living in this land. We are few in number, and if they join forces
against me and attack me, I and my household will be destroyed.”
But they replied, “Should he have treated our
sister like a prostitute?”
CHAPTER 35
Then God said to Jacob, “Go up to Bethel and
settle there, and build an altar there to God, who appeared to you when you
were fleeing from your brother Esau.”
So Jacob said to his household and to all who
were with him, “Get rid of the foreign gods you have with you, and purify yourselves
and change your clothes.
Then come, let us go up to Bethel, where I
will build an altar to God, who answered me in the day of my distress and who has
been with me wherever I have gone.”
So they gave Jacob all the foreign gods they
had and the rings in their ears, and Jacob buried them under the oak at Shechem.
Then they set out,
and the terror of God fell upon the towns all around them so that no-one
pursued them.
Jacob and all the
people with him came to Luz (that is, Bethel) in the land of Canaan.
There he built an altar, and he called the
place El Bethel, [El Bethel means God of Bethel.] because it was there that God
revealed himself to him when he was fleeing from his brother.
Now Deborah, Rebekah’s nurse, died and was
buried under the oak below Bethel. So it was named Allon Bacuth. [Allon Bacuth
means oak of weeping.]
After Jacob returned from Paddan Aram, [That
is, Northwest Mesopotamia] God appeared to him again and blessed him.
God said to him, “Your name is Jacob, [Jacob
means he grasps the heel (figuratively, he deceives).] but you will no longer
be called Jacob; your name will be Israel.” [Israel means he struggles with
God.] So he named him Israel.
And God said to him, “I am God Almighty;
[Hebrew El-Shaddai] be fruitful and increase in number. A nation and a community
of nations will come from you, and kings will come from your body.
The land I gave to Abraham and Isaac I also
give to you, and I will give this land to your descendants after you.” Then God
went up from him at the place where he had talked with him.
Jacob set up a stone pillar at the place where
God had talked with him, and he poured out a drink offering on it; he also poured
oil on it. Jacob called the place where God had talked with him Bethel. [Bethel
means house of God.]
Then they moved on from Bethel. While they
were still some distance from Ephrath, Rachel began to give birth and had great
difficulty. And as she was having great difficulty in childbirth, the midwife
said to her, “Don’t be afraid, for you have another son.”
As she breathed her last — for she was dying —
she named her son Ben-Oni. [Ben-Oni means son of my trouble.] But his father
named him Benjamin. [Benjamin means son of my right
hand.] So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath
(that is, Bethlehem). Over her tomb Jacob set up a pillar, and to this day that
pillar marks Rachel’s tomb.
Israel moved on again and pitched his tent
beyond Migdal Eder.
While Israel was living in that region, Reuben
went in and slept with his father’s concubine Bilhah, and Israel heard of it. Jacob
had twelve sons:
The sons of Leah: Reuben the firstborn of
Jacob, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar and Zebulun.
The sons of Rachel: Joseph and Benjamin.
The sons of Rachel’s maidservant Bilhah: Dan
and Naphtali.
The sons of Leah’s maidservant Zilpah: Gad and
Asher.
These were the sons
of Jacob, who were born to him in Paddan Aram.
Jacob came home to his father Isaac in Mamre,
near Kiriath Arba (that is, Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac had stayed. Isaac
lived a hundred and eighty years. Then he breathed his last and died and was
gathered to his people, old and full of years. And his sons Esau and Jacob buried
him.
CHAPTER 36
This is the account of Esau (that is, Edom).
Esau took his wives from the women of Canaan:
Adah daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Oholibamah daughter of Anah and
granddaughter of Zibeon the Hivite — also Basemath daughter of Ishmael and
sister of Nebaioth.
Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, Basemath bore
Reuel, and Oholibamah bore Jeush, Jalam and Korah. These were the sons of Esau,
who were born to him in Canaan.
Esau took his wives and sons and daughters and
all the members of his household, as well as his livestock and all his other
animals and all the goods he had acquired in Canaan, and moved to a land some
distance from his brother Jacob. Their possessions were too great for them to
remain together; the land where they were staying could not support them both
because of their livestock. So Esau (that is, Edom) settled in the hill country
of Seir.
This is the account of Esau the father of the
Edomites in the hill country of Seir.
These are the names of Esau’s sons: Eliphaz,
the son of Esau’s wife Adah, and Reuel, the son of Esau’s wife Basemath.
The sons of Eliphaz: Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam
and Kenaz.
Esau’s son Eliphaz also had a concubine named
Timna, who bore him Amalek. These were grandsons of Esau’s wife Adah.
The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah and
Mizzah. These were grandsons of Esau’s wife Basemath.
The sons of Esau’s
wife Oholibamah daughter of Anah and granddaughter of Zibeon, whom
she bore to Esau: Jeush, Jalam and Korah.
These were the chiefs among Esau’s
descendants: The sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: Chiefs Teman, Omar,
Zepho, Kenaz, Korah, [Masoretic Text; does not have Korah.] Gatam and Amalek. These
were the chiefs descended from Eliphaz in Edom; they were grandsons of Adah.
The sons of Esau’s son Reuel: Chiefs Nahath,
Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah. These were the chiefs descended from Reuel in Edom;
they were grandsons of Esau’s wife Basemath.
The sons of Esau’s wife Oholibamah: Chiefs
Jeush, Jalam and Korah. These were the chiefs descended from Esau’s wife Oholibamah
daughter of Anah. These were the sons of Esau (that is, Edom), and these were their
chiefs.
These were the sons of Seir the Horite, who
were living in the region: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer and
Dishan. These sons of Seir in Edom were Horite chiefs.
The sons of Lotan: Hori and Homam. Timna was Lotan’s sister.
The sons of Shobal: Alvan, Manahath, Ebal,
Shepho and Onam.
The sons of Zibeon: Aiah and Anah. This is the
Anah who discovered the hot springs in the desert while he was grazing the
donkeys of his father Zibeon.
The children of
Anah: Dishon and Oholibamah daughter of
Anah. The sons of Dishon: Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran and Keran.
The sons of Ezer: Bilhan, Zaavan and Akan.
The sons of Dishan: Uz and Aran.
These were the Horite chiefs: Lotan, Shobal,
Zibeon, Anah,
Dishon, Ezer and Dishan. These were the Horite
chiefs, according to their divisions, in the land of Seir.
These were the kings who reigned in Edom
before any Israelite king reigned: [Or before an Israelite king reigned over
them]
Bela son of Beor became king of Edom. His city
was named Dinhabah. When Bela died, Jobab son of Zerah from Bozrah succeeded him
as king. When Jobab died, Husham from the land of the Temanites succeeded him
as king.
When Husham died, Hadad son of Bedad, who
defeated Midian in the country of Moab, succeeded him as king. His city was
named Avith. When Hadad died, Samlah from Masrekah succeeded him as king.
When Samlah died, Shaul from Rehoboth on the
river [Possibly the Euphrates] succeeded him as king. Shaul died, Baal-Hanan son of Acbor succeeded
him as king.
When Baal-Hanan son of Acbor died, Hadad
succeeded him as king. His city was named Pau, and his wife’s name was
Mehetabel daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-Zahab.
These were the chiefs descended from Esau, by
name, according to their clans and regions: Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, Oholibamah,
Elah, Pinon, Kenaz, Teman, Mibzar, Magdiel and Iram. These were the chiefs of
Edom, according to their settlements in the land they occupied. This was Esau the
father of the Edomites.
CHAPTER 37
Jacob lived in the land where his father had
stayed, the land of Canaan.
This is the account of Jacob. Joseph, a young
man of seventeen, was tending the flocks with his brothers, the sons of Bilhah
and the sons of Zilpah, his father’s wives, and he brought their father a bad
report about them.
Now Israel loved Joseph more than any of his
other sons, because he had been born to him in his old age; and he made a
richly ornamented robe for him.
When his brothers saw that their father loved
him more than any of them, they hated him and could not speak a kind word to
him.
Joseph had a dream, and when he told it to his
brothers, they hated him all the more. He said to them, “Listen to this dream I
had: We were binding sheaves of corn out in the field when suddenly my sheaf
rose and stood upright, while your sheaves gathered round mine and bowed down
to it.”
His brothers said to
him, “Do you intend to reign over us? Will you actually rule us?” And
they hated him all the more because of his dream and what he had said.
Then he had another dream, and he told it to
his brothers. “Listen,” he said, “I had another dream, and this time the sun and
moon and eleven stars were bowing down to me.”
When he told his father as well as his
brothers, his father rebuked him and said, “What is this dream you had? Will your
mother and I and your brothers actually come and bow down to the ground before
you?”
His brothers were jealous of him, but his
father kept the matter in mind.
Now his brothers had gone to graze their
father’s flocks near
Shechem, and Israel said to Joseph, “As you know, your
brothers are grazing the flocks near Shechem. Come, I am going to send you to
them.” “Very well,” he replied. So he said to him, “Go and see if all is well
with your brothers and with the flocks, and bring word back to me.”
Then he sent him
off from the Valley of Hebron. When Joseph arrived at Shechem, a man found him
wandering around in the fields and asked him, “What are you looking for?”
He replied, “I’m looking for my brothers. Can
you tell me where they are grazing their flocks?”
Ge. 37:17 “They have moved on from here,” the man answered.
“I heard them say, ‘Let’s go to Dothan.’” So Joseph went after his brothers and
found them near Dothan.
But they saw him in the distance, and before
he reached them, they plotted to kill him.
“Here comes that dreamer!” they said to each
other. “Come now, let’s kill him and throw him into one of these cisterns and
say that a ferocious animal devoured him. Then we’ll see what comes of his
dreams.”
When Reuben heard this, he tried to rescue him
from their hands. “Let’s not take his life,” he said. “Don’t shed any blood.
Throw him into this cistern here in the desert, but don’t lay a hand on him.”
Reuben said this to rescue him from them and take him back to his father.
So when Joseph came to his brothers, they
stripped him of his robe — the richly ornamented robe he was wearing — and they
took him and threw him into the cistern. Now the cistern was empty; there was
no water in it.
As they sat down to eat their meal, they
looked up and saw a caravan of Ishmaelites coming from Gilead. Their camels were
loaded with spices, balm and myrrh, and they were on their way to take them
down to Egypt.
Judah said to his brothers, “What will we gain
if we kill our brother and cover up his blood? Come, let’s sell him to the
Ishmaelites and not lay our hands on him; after all, he is our brother, our own
flesh and blood.” His brothers agreed.
So when the Midianite merchants came by, his
brothers pulled Joseph up out of the cistern and sold him for twenty shekels
[That is, about 8 ounces (about 0.2 kilogram)] of silver to the Ishmaelites,
who took him to Egypt.
When Reuben returned to the cistern and saw
that Joseph was not there, he tore his clothes. He went back to his brothers
and said, “The boy isn’t there! Where can I turn now?”
Then they got Joseph’s robe, slaughtered a
goat and dipped
the robe in the blood.
They took the
ornamented robe back to their father and said, “We found this. Examine
it to see whether it is your son’s robe.”
He recognised it and said, “It is my son’s
robe! Some ferocious animal has devoured him. Joseph has surely been torn to
pieces.”
Then Jacob tore his clothes, put on sackcloth
and mourned for his son many days. All his sons and daughters came to comfort
him, but he refused to be comforted. “No,” he said, “in mourning will I go down
to the grave [Hebrew Sheol] to my son.” So his father wept for him.
Meanwhile, the Midianites sold Joseph in Egypt
to Potiphar, one of Pharaoh’s officials, the captain of the guard.
CHAPTER 38
At that time, Judah left his brothers and went
down to stay with a man of Adullam named Hirah. There Judah met the daughter of
a Canaanite man named
Shua. He married her and lay with her; she became pregnant
and gave birth to a son, who was named Er.
She conceived again and gave birth to a son
and named him Onan.
She gave birth to still another son and named
him Shelah. It was at Kezib that she gave birth to him.
Judah got a wife for Er, his firstborn, and
her name was Tamar.
But Er, Judah’s
firstborn, was wicked in the LORD’s sight; so the LORD put him to death.
Ge. 38:8 Then Judah said to Onan, “Lie with your brother’s
wife and fulfil your duty to her as a brother-in-law to produce offspring for
your brother.”
But Onan knew that the offspring would not be
his; so whenever he lay with his brother’s wife, he spilled his semen on the
ground to keep from producing offspring for his brother.
What he did was wicked in the LORD’s sight; so
he put him to death also.
Judah then said to his daughter-in-law Tamar,
“Live as a widow in your father’s house until my son Shelah grows up.” For he
thought, “He may die too, just like his brothers.” So Tamar went to live in her
father’s house.
After a long time Judah’s wife, the daughter
of Shua, died. When Judah had recovered from his grief, he went up to Timnah,
to the men who were shearing his sheep, and his friend Hirah the Adullamite
went with him.
When Tamar was told, “Your father-in-law is on
his way to Timnah to shear his sheep,” she took off her widow’s clothes,
covered herself with a veil to disguise herself, and then sat down at the
entrance to Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah. For she saw that, though
Shelah had now grown up, she had not been given to him as his wife.
When Judah saw her, he thought she was a
prostitute, for she had covered her face.
Not realising that she was his
daughter-in-law, he went over to her by the roadside and said, “Come now, let
me sleep with you.” “And what will you give me to sleep with you?” she asked.
“I’ll send you a
young goat from my flock,” he said. “Will you give me something as a
pledge until you send it?” she
asked.
He said, “What pledge should I give you?”
“Your seal and its cord, and the staff in your hand,” she answered. So he gave them
to her and slept with her, and she became pregnant by him.
After she left, she took off her veil and put
on her widow’s clothes again.
Meanwhile Judah sent the young goat by his
friend the Adullamite in order to get his pledge back from the woman, but he
did not find her.
He asked the men who lived there, “Where is
the shrineprostitute who was beside the road at Enaim?” “There hasn’t been any
shrine-prostitute here,” they said.
So he went back to Judah and said, “I didn’t
find her. Besides, the men who lived there said, ‘There hasn’t been any shrine-prostitute
here.’”
Then Judah said, “Let her keep what she has,
or we will become a laughing-stock. After all, I did send her this young goat,
but you didn’t find her.”
About three months later Judah was told, “Your
daughter-inlaw Tamar is guilty of prostitution, and as a result she is now pregnant.”
Judah said, “Bring her out and have her burned to death!”
As she was being brought out, she sent a
message to her father-in-law. “I am pregnant by the man who owns these,” she
said. And she added, “See if you recognise whose seal and cord and staff these
are.”
Judah recognised them and said, “She is more
righteous than I, since I wouldn’t give her to my son Shelah.” And he did not
sleep with her again.
When the time came
for her to give birth, there were twin boys in her womb.
As she was giving birth, one of them put out
his hand; so the midwife took a scarlet thread and tied it on his wrist and
said, “This one came out first.”
But when he drew back his hand, his brother
came out, and she said, “So this is how you have broken out!” And he was named
Perez. [Perez means breaking out.]
Then his brother, who had the scarlet thread
on his wrist,
came out and he was given the name Zerah. [Zerah can mean
scarlet or brightness.]
CHAPTER 39
Now Joseph had been taken down to Egypt.
Potiphar, an Egyptian who was one of Pharaoh’s officials, the captain of the guard,
bought him from the Ishmaelites who had taken
him there.
The LORD was with Joseph and he prospered, and
he lived in the house of his Egyptian master.
When his master saw
that the LORD was with him and that the LORD gave him success in everything he
did, Joseph found favour in his eyes and became his attendant. Potiphar put him
in charge of his household, and he entrusted to his care everything he owned.
From the time he put him in charge of his
household and of all that he owned, the LORD blessed the household of the Egyptian
because of Joseph. The blessing of the LORD was on everything Potiphar had,
both in the house and in the field.
So he left in Joseph’s care everything he had;
with Joseph in charge, he did not concern himself with anything except the food
he ate. Now Joseph was well-built and handsome, and after a while his master’s
wife took notice of Joseph and said, “Come to bed with me!”
But he refused. “With me in charge,” he told
her, “my master does not concern himself with anything in the house; everything
he owns he has entrusted to my care. No-one is greater in this house than I am.
My master has withheld nothing from me except you, because you are his wife.
How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God?”
And though she spoke to Joseph day after day,
he refused to go to bed with her or even to be with her.
One day he went into the house to attend to
his duties, and none of the household servants was inside. She caught him by
his cloak and said, “Come to bed with me!” But he left his cloak in her hand
and ran out of the house.
When she saw that he had left his cloak in her
hand and had run out of the house, she called her household servants. “Look,”
she said to them, “this Hebrew has been brought to us to make sport of us! He came
in here to sleep with me, but I screamed. When he heard me scream for help, he
left his cloak beside me and ran out of the house.”
She kept his cloak beside her until his master
came home.
Then she told him this story: “That Hebrew
slave you brought us came to me to make sport of me. But as soon as I screamed
for help, he left his cloak beside me and ran out of the house.”
When his master heard the story his wife told
him, saying, “This is how your slave treated me,” he burned with anger.
Joseph’s master took
him and put him in prison, the place where the king’s prisoners were confined.
But while Joseph was there in the prison, the LORD was with him; he showed
him kindness and granted him favour in the eyes of the prison warder.
So the warder put Joseph in charge of all
those held in the prison, and he was made responsible for all that was done there.
The warder paid no attention to anything under Joseph’s care, because the LORD
was with Joseph and gave him success in whatever he did.
CHAPTER 40
Some time later, the cupbearer and the baker
of the king of Egypt offended their master, the king of Egypt. Pharaoh was
angry with his two officials, the chief cupbearer and the chief baker, and put
them in custody in the house of the captain of theguard, in the same prison
where Joseph was confined.
The captain of the guard assigned them to
Joseph, and he attended them. After they had been in custody for some time,
each of the two men — the cupbearer and the baker of the king of Egypt, who
were being held in prison — had a dream the same night, and each dream had a
meaning of its own.
When Joseph came to them the next morning, he
saw that
they were dejected.
So he asked Pharaoh’s officials who were in
custody with him in his master’s house, “Why are your faces so sad today?”
“We both had
dreams,” they answered, “but there is no-one to interpret them.” Then Joseph
said to them, “Do not interpretations belong to God? Tell me your dreams.”
So the chief cupbearer told Joseph his dream.
He said to him, “In my dream I saw a vine in front of me, and on the vine were
three branches. As soon as it budded, it blossomed, and its clusters ripened
into grapes.
Pharaoh’s cup was in my hand, and I took the
grapes, squeezed them into Pharaoh’s cup and put the cup in his hand.”
“This is what it means,” Joseph said to him.
“The three branches are three days. Within three days Pharaoh will lift up your
head and restore you to your position, and you will put Pharaoh’s cup in his hand,
just as you used to do when you were his cupbearer. But when all goes well with you, remember me
and show me kindness; mention me to Pharaoh and get me out of this
prison.
For I was forcibly carried off from the land
of the Hebrews, and even here I have done nothing to deserve being put in a dungeon.”
When the chief baker saw that Joseph had given
a favourable interpretation, he said to Joseph, “I too had a dream: On my head
were three baskets of bread. [Or three wicker baskets] In the top basket were
all kinds of baked goods for Pharaoh, but the birds were eating them out of the
basket on my head.”
“This is what it means,” Joseph said. “The
three baskets are three days. Within three days Pharaoh will lift off your head
and hang you on a tree. [Or and impale you on a pole] And the birds will eat
away your flesh.”
Now the third day
was Pharaoh’s birthday, and he gave a feast for all his officials. He
lifted up the heads of the chief cupbearer and the chief baker in
the presence of his officials: He restored the chief cupbearer to his position,
so that he once again put the cup into Pharaoh’s hand, but he hanged
[Or impaled] the chief baker, just as Joseph had said to them in his
interpretation.
The chief cupbearer, however, did not remember
Joseph; he forgot him.
CHAPTER 41
When two full years had passed, Pharaoh had a
dream: He was standing by the Nile, when out of the river there came up seven
cows, sleek and fat, and they grazed among the reeds. After them, seven other
cows, ugly and gaunt, came up out of the Nile and stood beside those on the
riverbank. And the cows that were ugly and gaunt ate up the seven sleek, fat
cows. Then Pharaoh woke up.
He fell asleep again and had a second dream:
Seven ears of corn, healthy and good, were growing on a single stalk. After
them, seven other ears of corn sprouted — thin and scorched by the east wind.
The thin ears of corn swallowed up the seven healthy, full ears. Then Pharaoh
woke up; it had been a dream.
In the morning his mind was troubled, so he
sent for all the magicians and wise men of Egypt. Pharaoh told them his dreams,
but no-one could interpret them for him.
Then the chief cupbearer said to Pharaoh,
“Today I am reminded of my shortcomings.
Pharaoh was once
angry with his servants, and he imprisoned me and the chief baker in the
house of the captain of the guard. Each of us had a dream the same night, and each
dream had a
meaning of its own. Now a young Hebrew was there with us, a
servant of the captain of the guard. We told him our dreams, and he interpreted
them for us, giving each man the interpretation of his dream. And things turned
out exactly as he interpreted them to us: I was restored to my position, and
the other man was hanged.”
So Pharaoh sent for Joseph, and he was quickly
brought from the dungeon. When he had shaved and changed his clothes, he came
before Pharaoh.
Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I had a dream, and
no-one can interpret it. But I have heard it said of you that when you hear a
dream you can interpret it.”
“I cannot do it,” Joseph replied to Pharaoh,
“but God will give Pharaoh the answer he desires.”
Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “In my dream I
was standing on the bank of the Nile, when out of the river there came up seven
cows, fat and sleek, and they grazed among the reeds. After them, seven other
cows came up — scrawny and very ugly and lean. I had never seen such ugly cows
in all the land of Egypt. The lean, ugly cows ate up the seven fat cows that
came up first. But even after they ate them, no-one could tell that they had done
so; they looked just as ugly as before. Then I woke up.
“In my dreams I also
saw seven ears of corn, full and good, growing on a single stalk. After them,
seven other ears sprouted — withered and thin and scorched by the east wind.
The thin ears of corn swallowed up the seven good ears. I told this to the
magicians, but none could explain it to me.”
Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “The dreams of
Pharaoh are one and the same. God has revealed to Pharaoh what he is about to
do.
The seven good cows are seven years, and the
seven good ears of corn are seven years; it is one and the same dream. The
seven lean, ugly cows that came up afterwards are seven years, and so are the
seven worthless ears of corn scorched by the east wind: They are seven years of
famine.
“It is just as I said to Pharaoh: God has
shown Pharaoh what he is about to do. Seven years of great abundance are coming
throughout the land of Egypt, but seven years of famine will follow them. Then
all the abundance in Egypt will be forgotten, and the famine will
ravage the land. The abundance in the land will not be
remembered, because the famine that follows it will be so severe.
The reason the dream was given to Pharaoh in
two forms is that the matter has been firmly decided by God, and God will do it
soon. “And now let Pharaoh look for a discerning and wise man and put him in
charge of the land of Egypt.
Let Pharaoh appoint
commissioners over the land to take a fifth of the harvest of Egypt during the
seven years of abundance. They should collect all the food of these good years
that are coming and store up the grain under the authority of Pharaoh, to be
kept in the cities for food. This food should be held in reserve for the
country, to be used during the seven years of famine that will come upon Egypt,
so that the country may not be ruined by the famine.”
The plan seemed good to Pharaoh and to all his
officials.
So Pharaoh asked them, “Can we find anyone
like this man, one in whom is the spirit of God?”
Then Pharaoh said
to Joseph, “Since God has made all this known to you, there is no-one so
discerning and wise as you. You shall be in charge of my palace, and all my
people are to submit to your orders. Only with respect to the throne will I be
greater than you.”
So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I hereby put you
in charge of the whole land of Egypt.”
Then Pharaoh took his signet ring from his
finger and put it on Joseph’s finger. He dressed him in robes of fine linen and
put a gold chain around his neck.
He had him ride in a chariot as his
second-in-command, and men shouted before him, “Make way!” Thus he put him in
charge of the whole land of Egypt.
Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh,
but without your word no-one will lift hand or foot in all Egypt.”
Pharaoh gave Joseph the name Zaphenath-Paneah
and gave him Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, to be his wife. And
Joseph went throughout the land of Egypt.
Joseph was thirty years old when he entered
the service of Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from Pharaoh’s presence
and travelled throughout Egypt.
During the seven
years of abundance the land produced plentifully. Joseph collected
all the food produced in those seven years of abundance in Egypt and
stored it in the cities. In each city he put the food grown in the fields
surrounding it.
Joseph stored up huge quantities of grain,
like the sand of the sea; it was so much that he stopped keeping records
because it was beyond measure.
Before the years of famine came, two sons were
born to Joseph by Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On.
Joseph named his firstborn Manasseh and said,
“It is because God has made me forget all my trouble and all my father’s
household.”
The second son he named Ephraim and said, “It
is because God has made me fruitful in the land of my suffering.”
The seven years of abundance in Egypt came to
an end, and the seven years of famine began, just as Joseph had said. There was
famine in all the other lands, but in the whole land
of Egypt there was food.
When all Egypt began to feel the famine, the
people cried to Pharaoh for food. Then Pharaoh told all the Egyptians, “Go to
Joseph and do what he tells you.”
When the famine had spread over the whole country,
Joseph opened the storehouses and sold grain to the Egyptians, for the famine
was severe throughout Egypt. And all the countries came to Egypt to buy grain
from Joseph, because the famine was severe in all the world.
CHAPTER 42
When Jacob learned that there was grain in
Egypt, he said to his sons, “Why do you just keep looking at each other?” He
continued, “I have heard that there is grain in Egypt. Go down there and buy
some for us, so that we may live and not die.”
Then ten of Joseph’s brothers went down to buy
grain from Egypt.
But Jacob did not send Benjamin, Joseph’s
brother, with the others, because he was afraid that harm might come to him.
So Israel’s sons were among those who went to
buy grain, for the famine was in the land of Canaan also.
Now Joseph was the governor of the land, the
one who sold grain to all its people. So when Joseph’s brothers arrived, they
bowed down to him with their faces to the ground.
As soon as Joseph saw his brothers, he
recognised them, but he pretended to be a stranger and spoke harshly to them. “Where
do you come from?” he asked. “From the land of
Canaan,” they replied, “to buy food.”
Although Joseph recognised his brothers, they
did not recognise him.
Then he remembered his dreams about them and
said to them, “You are spies! You have come to see where our land is
unprotected.”
“No, my lord,” they answered. “Your servants
have come to buy food. We are all the sons of one man. Your servants are honest
men, not spies.”
“No!” he said to them. “You have come to see
where our land is unprotected.”
But they replied, “Your servants were twelve
brothers, the sons of one man, who lives in the land of Canaan. The youngest is
now with our father, and one is no more.”
Joseph said to them, “It is just as I told
you: You are spies! And this is how you will be tested: As surely as Pharaoh lives,
you will not leave this place unless your youngest brother comes here. Send one
of your number to get your brother; the rest of you will be kept in prison, so
that your words may be tested to see if you are telling the truth. If you are
not, then as surely as Pharaoh lives, you are spies!”
And he put them all in custody for three days.
On the third day, Joseph said to them, “Do this and you will live, for I fear
God:
If you are honest men, let one of your
brothers stay here in prison, while the rest of you go and take grain back for
your starving households. But you must bring your youngest brother to me, so
that your words may be verified and that you may not die.” This they proceeded
to do.
They said to one another, “Surely we are being
punished because of our brother. We saw how distressed he was when he pleaded
with us for his life, but we would not listen; that’s why this distress has come
upon us.”
Reuben replied, “Didn’t I tell you not to sin
against the boy? But you wouldn’t listen! Now we must give an accounting for
his blood.”
They did not realise that Joseph could
understand them, since he was using an interpreter.
He turned away from them and began to weep,
but then turned back and spoke to them again. He had Simeon taken from them and
bound before their eyes.
Joseph gave orders
to fill their bags with grain, to put each man’s silver back in his sack,
and to give them provisions for
their journey. After this was done for them,
they loaded their grain on their donkeys and left.
At the place where they stopped for the night
one of them opened his sack to get feed for his donkey, and he saw his silver
in the mouth of his sack.
“My silver has been returned,” he said to his
brothers. “Here it is in my sack.” Their hearts sank and they turned to each other
trembling and said, “What is this that God has done to us?”
When they came to their father Jacob in the
land of Canaan, they told him all that had happened to them. They said, “The
man who is lord over the land spoke harshly to us and treated us as though we
were spying on the land. But we said to him, ‘We are honest men; we are not
spies.
We were twelve brothers, sons of one father.
One is no more, and the youngest is now with our father in Canaan.’
“Then the man who is lord over the land said
to us, ‘This is how I will know whether you are honest men: Leave one of your
brothers here with me, and take food for your starving households and go. But
bring your youngest brother to me so I will know that you are not spies but
honest men. Then I will give your brother back to you, and you can trade in the
land.’”
As they were emptying their sacks, there in
each man’s sack was his pouch of silver! When they and their father saw the money
pouches, they were frightened.
Their father Jacob said to them, “You have
deprived me of my children. Joseph is no more and Simeon is no more, and now
you want to take Benjamin. Everything is against me!”
Then Reuben said to
his father, “You may put both of my sons to death if I do not bring
him back to you. Entrust him to my care, and I will bring him back.”
But Jacob said, “My son will not go down there
with you; his brother is dead and he is the only one left. If harm comes to him
on the journey you are taking, you will bring my grey head down to the grave in
sorrow.”
CHAPTER 43
Now the famine was still severe in the land.
So when they had eaten all the grain they had brought from Egypt, their father
said to them, “Go back and buy us a little
more food.”
But Judah said to him, “The man warned us
solemnly, ‘You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’ If
you will send our brother along with us, we will go down
and buy food for you. But if you will not send him, we will
not go down, because the man said to us, ‘You will not see my face again unless
your brother is with you.’”
Israel asked, “Why did you bring this trouble
on me by telling the man you had another brother?”
They replied, “The man questioned us closely
about ourselves and our family. ‘Is your father still living?’ he asked us. ‘Do
you have another brother?’ We simply answered his questions. How were we to
know he would say, ‘Bring your brother down here’?”
Then Judah said to Israel his father, “Send
the boy along with me and we will go at once, so that we and you and our children
may live and not die.
I myself will guarantee his safety; you can
hold me personally responsible for him. If I do not bring him back to you and
set him here before you, I will bear the blame before you all my
life. As it is, if we had not delayed, we could have gone
and returned twice.”
Then their father Israel said to them, “If it
must be, then do this: Put some of the best products of the land in your bags and
take them down to the man as a gift — a little balm and a little honey, some
spices and myrrh, some pistachio nuts and almonds. Take double the amount of
silver with you, for you must return the silver that was put back into the
mouths of your sacks. Perhaps it was a mistake.
Take your brother also and go back to the man
at once. And may God Almighty [Hebrew El-Shaddai] grant you mercy before the
man so that he will let your other brother and Benjamin come back with you. As
for me, if I am bereaved, I am bereaved.”
So the men took the gifts and double the
amount of silver, and Benjamin also. They hurried down to Egypt and presented
themselves to Joseph.
When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to
the steward of his house, “Take these men to my house, slaughter an animal and
prepare dinner; they are to eat with me at noon.”
The man did as Joseph told him and took the
men to Joseph’s house.
Now the men were frightened when they were
taken to his house. They thought, “We were brought here because of the silver
that was put back into our sacks the first time. He wants to attack us and
overpower us and seize us as slaves and take our donkeys.”
So they went up to Joseph’s steward and spoke
to him at the entrance to the house. “Please, sir,” they said, “we came down
here the first time to buy food.
But at the place where we stopped for the
night we opened our sacks and each of us found his silver — the exact weight —
in the mouth of his sack. So we have brought it back with
us. We have also brought additional silver with us to buy
food. We don’t know who put our silver in our sacks.”
“It’s all right,” he said. “Don’t be afraid.
Your God, the God of your father, has given you treasure in your sacks; I received
your silver.” Then he brought Simeon out to them.
The steward took the men into Joseph’s house,
gave them water to wash their feet and provided fodder for their donkeys. They
prepared their gifts for Joseph’s arrival at noon, because they had heard that
they were to eat there.
When Joseph came home, they presented to him
the gifts they had brought into the house, and they bowed down before him to
the ground.
He asked them how they were, and then he said,
“How is your aged father you told me about? Is he still living?”
They replied, “Your servant our father is
still alive and well.” And they bowed low to pay him honour.
As he looked about and saw his brother
Benjamin, his own mother’s son, he asked, “Is this your youngest brother, the one
you told me about?” And he said, “God be gracious to you, my son.”
Deeply moved at the sight of his brother,
Joseph hurried out and looked for a place to weep. He went into his private room
and wept there.
After he had washed his face, he came out and,
controlling himself, said, “Serve the food.”
They served him by himself, the brothers by
themselves, and the Egyptians who ate with him by themselves, because Egyptians
could not eat with Hebrews, for that is detestable
to Egyptians.
The men had been seated before him in the
order of their ages, from the firstborn to the youngest; and they looked at each
other in astonishment.
When portions were served to them from
Joseph’s table, Benjamin’s portion was five times as much as anyone else’s. So
they feasted and drank freely with him.
CHAPTER 44
Now Joseph gave these instructions to the
steward of his house: “Fill the men’s sacks with as much food as they can carry,
and put each man’s silver in the mouth of his sack. Then put my cup, the silver
one, in the mouth of the youngest one’s sack, along with the silver for his
grain.” And he did as Joseph said.
As morning dawned, the men were sent on their
way with their donkeys. They had not gone far from the city when Joseph said to
his steward, “Go after those men at once, and when you catch up with them, say
to them, ‘Why have you repaid good with evil? Isn’t this the cup my master
drinks from and also uses for divination? This is a wicked thing you have
done.’”
When he caught up with them, he repeated these
words to them.
But they said to him, “Why does my lord say
such things? Far be it from your servants to do anything like that!
We even brought back to you from the land of
Canaan the silver we found inside the mouths of our sacks. So why would we
steal silver or gold from your master’s house?
If any of your servants is found to have it,
he will die; and the rest of us will become my lord’s slaves.”
“Very well, then,” he said, “let it be as you
say. Whoever is found to have it will become my slave; the rest of you will be free
from blame.”
Each of them quickly lowered his sack to the
ground and opened it.
Then the steward proceeded to search,
beginning with the oldest and ending with the youngest. And the cup was found in
Benjamin’s sack.
At this, they tore their clothes. Then they
all loaded their donkeys and returned to the city.
Joseph was still in the house when Judah and
his brothers came in, and they threw themselves to the ground before him.
Joseph said to them, “What is this you have
done? Don’t you know that a man like me can find things out by divination?”
“What can we say to my lord?” Judah replied.
“What can we say? How can we prove our innocence? God has uncovered your
servants’ guilt. We are now my lord’s slaves — we ourselves and the one who was
found to have the cup.”
But Joseph said, “Far be it from me to do such
a thing! Only the man who was found to have the cup will become my slave. The
rest of you, go back to your father in peace.”
Then Judah went up to him and said: “Please,
my lord, let your servant speak a word to my lord. Do not be angry with your
servant, though you are equal to Pharaoh himself.
My lord asked his servants, ‘Do you have a
father or a brother?’ And we answered, ‘We have an aged father, and there is a young
son born to him in his old age. His brother is dead, and he is the only one of
his mother’s sons left, and his father loves him.’
“Then you said to your servants, ‘Bring him
down to me so I can see him for myself.’
And we said to my lord, ‘The boy cannot leave
his father; if he leaves him, his father will die.’ But you told your servants,
‘Unless your youngest brother comes down with you, you will not see my face
again.’
When we went back to your servant my father,
we told him what my lord had said.
“Then our father said, ‘Go back and buy a
little more food.’
But we said, ‘We cannot go down. Only if our
youngest brother is with us will we go. We cannot see the man’s face unless our
youngest brother is with us.’
“Your servant my father said to us, ‘You know
that my wife bore me two sons. One of them went away from me, and I said, “He
has surely been torn to pieces.” And I have not seen him since. If you take
this one from me too and harm comes to him, you will bring my grey head down to
the grave in misery.’ “So now, if the boy is not with us when I go back to your
servant my father and if my father, whose life is closely bound up with the
boy’s life, sees that the boy isn’t there, he will die. Your servants will bring
the grey head of our father down to the grave in sorrow.
Your servant guaranteed the boy’s safety to my
father. I said, ‘If I do not bring him back to you, I will bear the blame before
you, my father, all my life!’ “Now then, please let your servant remain here as
my lord’s slave in place of the boy, and let the boy return with his brothers.
How can I go back to my father if the boy is
not with me? No! Do not let me see the misery that would come upon my father.”
CHAPTER 45
Then Joseph could no longer control himself
before all his attendants, and he cried out, “Make everyone leave my presence!”
So there was no-one with Joseph when he made himself known to his brothers. And
he wept so loudly that the Egyptians heard him, and Pharaoh’s household heard
about it.
Joseph said to his brothers, “I am Joseph! Is
my father still living?” But his brothers were not able to answer him, because
they were terrified at his presence.
Then Joseph said to his brothers, “Come close
to me.” When they had done so, he said, “I am your brother Joseph, the one you
sold into Egypt!
And now, do not be distressed and do not be
angry with yourselves for selling me here, because it was to save lives that
God sent me ahead of you. For two years now there has been famine in the land,
and for the next five years there will not be ploughing and reaping. But God sent me ahead of you to preserve for
you a remnant on earth and to save your lives by a great deliverance.
“So then, it was not you who sent me here, but
God. He made me father to Pharaoh, lord of his entire household and ruler of
all Egypt.
Now hurry back to my
father and say to him, ‘This is what your son Joseph says: God has
made me lord of all Egypt. Come down to me; don’t delay.
You shall live in the region of Goshen and be
near me — you, your children and grandchildren, your flocks and herds, and all
you have. I will provide for you there, because five years of famine are still
to come. Otherwise you and your household and all who belong to you will become
destitute.’
“You can see for yourselves, and so can my
brother Benjamin, that it is really I who am speaking to you. Tell my father
about all the honour accorded me in Egypt and about everything you have seen.
And bring my father down here quickly.”
Then he threw his arms around his brother
Benjamin and wept, and Benjamin embraced him, weeping. And he kissed all his
brothers and wept over them.
Afterwards his
brothers talked with him.
When the news reached Pharaoh’s palace that
Joseph’s
brothers had come, Pharaoh and all his officials were
pleased.
Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Tell your brothers,
‘Do this: Load your animals and return to the land of Canaan, and bring your
father and your families back to me. I will give you the best of the land of
Egypt and you can enjoy the fat of the land.’ “You are also directed to tell
them, ‘Do this: Take some carts from Egypt for your children and your wives,
and get your father and come. Never mind about your belongings, because the
best of all Egypt will be yours.’”
So the sons of
Israel did this. Joseph gave them carts, as Pharaoh had commanded, and he
also gave them provisions for their journey.
To each of them he gave new clothing, but to
Benjamin he gave three hundred shekels [That is, about 7 1/2 pounds (about 3.5
kilograms)] of silver and five sets of clothes.
And this is what he sent to his father: ten
donkeys loaded with the best things of Egypt, and ten female donkeys loaded with
grain and bread and other provisions for his journey.
Then he sent his brothers away, and as they
were leaving he said to them, “Don’t quarrel on the way!”
So they went up out of Egypt and came to their
father Jacob in the land of Canaan.
They told him, “Joseph is still alive! In
fact, he is ruler of all Egypt.” Jacob was stunned; he did not believe them.
But when they told him everything Joseph had said to them, and when he saw the
carts Joseph had sent to carry him back, the spirit of their father Jacob
revived. And Israel said, “I’m convinced! My son Joseph is still alive. I will
go and see him before I die.”
CHAPTER 46
So Israel set out with all that was his, and
when he reached Beersheba, he offered sacrifices to the God of his father Isaac.
And God spoke to Israel in a vision at night and said, “Jacob!
Jacob!” “Here I am,” he replied.
“I am God, the God of your father,” he said.
“Do not be afraid to go down to Egypt, for I will make you into a great nation
there. I will go down to Egypt with you, and I will surely bring you
back again. And Joseph’s own hand will close your eyes.”
Then Jacob left Beersheba, and Israel’s sons
took their father Jacob and their children and their wives in the carts that Pharaoh
had sent to transport him. They also took with them their livestock and the possessions
they had acquired in Canaan, and Jacob and all his offspring went to Egypt.
He took with him to Egypt his sons and
grandsons and his daughters and granddaughters — all his offspring.
These are the names of the sons of Israel
(Jacob and his descendants) who went to Egypt: Reuben the firstborn of Jacob.
The sons of Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron and
Carmi.
The sons of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad,
Jakin, Zohar and Shaul the son of a Canaanite woman.
The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath and Merari.
The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez and
Zerah (but Er and Onan had died in the land of Canaan). The sons of Perez:
Hezron and Hamul.
The sons of Issachar: Tola, Puah, [Samaritan
Pentateuch and Syriac and Shimron.
The sons of Zebulun: Sered, Elon and Jahleel.
These were the sons Leah bore to Jacob in
Paddan Aram, besides his daughter Dinah. These sons and daughters of his were
thirty-three in all.
The sons of Gad: Zephon, Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon,
Eri, Arodi and Areli.
The sons of Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi and
Beriah. Their sister was Serah. The sons of Beriah: Heber and Malkiel.
These were the children born to Jacob by
Zilpah, whom Laban had given to his daughter Leah — sixteen in all.
The sons of Jacob’s wife Rachel: Joseph and
Benjamin.
In Egypt, Manasseh and Ephraim were born to
Joseph by
Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On.
The sons of Benjamin: Bela, Beker, Ashbel,
Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim and Ard.
These were the sons of Rachel who were born to
Jacob — fourteen in all.
The son of Dan: Hushim.
The sons of Naphtali: Jahziel, Guni, Jezer and
Shillem.
These were the sons born to Jacob by Bilhah,
whom Laban had given to his daughter Rachel — seven in all.
All those who went to Egypt with Jacob — those
who were his direct descendants, not counting his sons’ wives — numbered
sixty-six persons.
With the two sons who had been born to Joseph
in Egypt, the members of Jacob’s family, which went to Egypt, were seventy-five
in all.
Now Jacob sent Judah ahead of him to Joseph to
get directions to Goshen. When they arrived in the region of Goshen, Joseph had
his chariot made ready and went to Goshen to meet his father Israel. As soon as
Joseph appeared before him, he threw his arms around his father and wept for a long time.
Israel said to Joseph, “Now I am ready to die,
since I have seen for myself that you are still alive.”
Then Joseph said to his brothers and to his
father’s household, “I will go up and speak to Pharaoh and will say to him, ‘My
brothers and my father’s household, who were living in the land of Canaan, have
come to me. The men are shepherds; they tend livestock, and they have
brought along their flocks and herds and everything they own.’
When Pharaoh calls you in and asks, ‘What is
your occupation?’ you should answer, ‘Your servants have tended livestock from
our boyhood on, just as our fathers did.’ Then you will be allowed to settle in
the region of Goshen, for all shepherds are detestable to the Egyptians.”
CHAPTER 47
Joseph went and told Pharaoh, “My father and
brothers, with their flocks and herds and everything they own, have come from
the land of Canaan and are now in Goshen.”
He chose five of his brothers and presented
them before Pharaoh. Pharaoh asked the brothers, “What is your occupation?” “Your
servants are shepherds,” they replied to Pharaoh, “just as our fathers were.”
They also said to him, “We have come to live here awhile, because the famine is
severe in Canaan and your servants’ flocks have no pasture. So now, please let
your servants settle in Goshen.”
Pharaoh said to
Joseph, “Your father and your brothers have come to you, and the land of
Egypt is before you; settle your father and your brothers in the best part
of the land. Let them live in
Goshen. And if you know of any among them with
special ability, put them in charge of my own livestock.”
Then Joseph brought his father Jacob in and
presented him before Pharaoh. After Jacob blessed Pharaoh, Pharaoh asked him, “How old are you?”
And Jacob said to Pharaoh, “The years of my
pilgrimage are a hundred and thirty. My years have been few and difficult, and
they do not equal the years of the pilgrimage of my fathers.”
Then Jacob blessed Pharaoh and went out from
his presence.
So Joseph settled his father and his brothers
in Egypt and gave them property in the best part of the land, the district of Rameses,
as Pharaoh directed.
Joseph also provided his father and his
brothers and all his father’s household with food, according to the number of their
children.
There was no food, however, in the whole
region because the famine was severe; both Egypt and Canaan wasted away because
of the famine.
Joseph collected all the money that was to be
found in Egypt and Canaan in payment for the grain they were buying, and he
brought it to Pharaoh’s palace.
When the money of the people of Egypt and
Canaan was gone, all Egypt came to Joseph and said, “Give us food. Why should
we die before your eyes? Our money is used up.”
“Then bring your livestock,” said Joseph. “I
will sell you food in exchange for your livestock, since your money is gone.”
So they brought
their livestock to Joseph, and he gave them food in exchange for their
horses, their sheep and goats, their cattle and donkeys. And he
brought them through that year
with food in exchange for all their livestock.
When that year was over, they came to him the
following year and said, “We cannot hide from our lord the fact that since our
money is gone and our livestock belongs to you, there is nothing left for our
lord except our bodies and our land.
Why should we perish before your eyes — we and
our land as well? Buy us and our land in exchange for food, and we with our
land will be in bondage to Pharaoh. Give us seed so that we may live and not
die, and that the land may not become desolate.”
So Joseph bought all the land in Egypt for
Pharaoh. The Egyptians, one and all, sold their fields, because the famine was
too severe for them. The land became Pharaoh’s, and Joseph reduced the people
to servitude, from one end of Egypt to the other.
However, he did not buy the land of the
priests, because they received a regular allotment from Pharaoh and had food enough
from the allotment Pharaoh gave them. That is why they did not sell their land.
Joseph said to the people, “Now that I have
bought you and your land today for Pharaoh, here is seed for you so you can plant
the ground. But when the crop comes in, give a fifth of it to Pharaoh. The other
four-fifths you may keep as seed for the fields and as food for yourselves and
your households and your children.”
“You have saved our lives,” they said. “May we
find favour in the eyes of our lord; we will be in bondage to Pharaoh.”
So Joseph
established it as a law concerning land in Egypt — still in
force today — that a fifth of the produce belongs to Pharaoh.
It was only the land of the priests that did not become Pharaoh’s.
Now the Israelites settled in Egypt in the
region of Goshen. They acquired property there and were fruitful and increased greatly
in number.
Jacob lived in Egypt seventeen years, and the
years of his life were a hundred and forty-seven.
When the time drew near for Israel to die, he
called for his son Joseph and said to him, “If I have found favour in your eyes,
put your hand under my thigh and promise that you will show me kindness and
faithfulness. Do not bury me in Egypt, but when I rest with my fathers, carry
me out of Egypt and bury me where they are buried.” “I will do as you say,” he said.
“Swear to me,” he said. Then Joseph swore to
him, and Israel worshipped as he leaned on the top of his staff.
CHAPTER 48
Some time later Joseph was told, “Your father
is ill.” So he took his two sons Manasseh and Ephraim along with him.
When Jacob was told, “Your son Joseph has come
to you,” Israel rallied his strength and sat up on the bed. Jacob said to
Joseph, “God Almighty [Hebrew El-Shaddai] appeared to me at Luz in the land of
Canaan, and there he blessed me and said to me, ‘I am going to make you
fruitful and will increase your numbers. I will make you a community of peoples,
and I will give this land as an everlasting possession to your descendants
after you.’ “Now then, your two sons born to you in Egypt before I came to you
here will be reckoned as mine; Ephraim and Manasseh will be mine, just as
Reuben and Simeon are mine.
Any children born to you after them will be
yours; in the territory they inherit they will be reckoned under the names of
their brothers.
As I was returning from Paddan, to my sorrow
Rachel died in the land of Canaan while we were still on the way, a little
distance from Ephrath. So I buried her there beside the road to Ephrath” (that
is, Bethlehem).
When Israel saw the sons of Joseph, he asked,
“Who are these?”
“They are the sons God has given me here,”
Joseph said to his father. Then Israel said, “Bring them to me so that I may bless
them.”
Now Israel’s eyes were failing because of old
age, and he could hardly see. So Joseph brought his sons close to him, and his
father kissed them and embraced them.
Israel said to Joseph, “I never expected to
see your face again, and now God has allowed me to see your children too.”
Then Joseph removed them from Israel’s knees
and bowed down with his face to the ground. And Joseph took both of them,
Ephraim on his right towards Israel’s left hand and Manasseh on his left
towards Israel’s right hand, and brought them close to him.
But Israel reached out his right hand and put
it on Ephraim’s head, though he was the younger, and crossing his arms, he put
his left hand on Manasseh’s head, even though Manasseh was the firstborn.
Then he blessed Joseph and said, “May the God
before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked, the God who has been my
shepherd all my life to this day, the Angel who has delivered me from all harm
— may he bless these boys. May they be called by my name and the names of my
fathers Abraham and Isaac, and may they increase greatly upon the earth.”
When Joseph saw his father placing his right
hand on Ephraim’s head he was displeased; so he took hold of his father’s hand
to move it from Ephraim’s head to Manasseh’s head.
Joseph said to him, “No, my father, this one
is the firstborn; put your right hand on his head.”
But his father refused and said, “I know, my
son, I know. He too will become a people, and he too will become great. Nevertheless,
his younger brother will be greater than he, and his descendants will become a
group of nations.”
He blessed them that day and said, “In your
name will Israel pronounce this blessing: ‘May God make you like Ephraim and
Manasseh.’” So he put Ephraim ahead of Manasseh.
Then Israel said to Joseph, “I am about to
die, but God will be with you and take you back to the land of your fathers.
And to you, as one who is over your brothers, I give the ridge of land I took
from the Amorites with my sword and my bow.”
CHAPTER 49
Then Jacob called for his sons and said:
“Gather round so that I can tell you what will happen to you in days to come.
“Assemble and listen, sons of Jacob; listen to your father Israel.
“Reuben, you are my firstborn, my might, the
first sign of my strength, excelling in honour, excelling in power. Turbulent
as the waters, you will no longer excel, for you went up onto your father’s
bed, onto my couch and defiled it.
“Simeon and Levi are brothers — their swords
are weapons of violence. Let me not
enter their council, let me not join their assembly, for they have killed men
in their anger and hamstrung oxen as they pleased. Cursed be their anger, so
fierce, and their fury, so cruel! I will scatter them in Jacob and disperse
them in Israel.
“Judah, your brothers will praise you; your
hand will be on the neck of your enemies; your father’s sons will bow down to
you. You are a lion’s cub, O Judah; you return from the prey, my
son. Like a lion he crouches and lies down, like a lioness
— who dares to rouse him? The sceptre will not depart from Judah, nor the
ruler’s staff from between his feet, until he comes to whom it belongs and the
obedience of the nations is his. He will tether his donkey to a vine, his colt
to the choicest branch; he will wash his garments in wine, his robes in the blood
of grapes. His eyes will be darker than wine, his teeth whiter than milk.
“Zebulun will live by the seashore and become
a haven for ships; his border will extend towards Sidon.
“Issachar is a
strong donkey lying down between two saddlebags. When he sees how good is his
resting place and how pleasant
is his land, he will bend his shoulder to the
burden and submit to forced labour.
“Dan will provide justice
for his people as one of the tribes of Israel. Dan will be a serpent by the
roadside, a viper along the path, that bites the horse’s heels so that its
rider tumbles backwards. “I look for your deliverance, O LORD.
“Gad will be attacked
by a band of raiders, but he will attack them at their heels.
“Asher’s food will be rich; he will provide
delicacies fit for a king.
“Naphtali is a doe set free that bears
beautiful fawns.
“Joseph is a fruitful vine, a fruitful vine
near a spring, whose branches climb over a wall. With bitterness archers
attacked him; they shot at him with hostility. But his bow remained steady, his
strong arms stayed supple, because of the hand of the Mighty One of Jacob, because
of the Shepherd, the Rock of Israel, because of your father’s God, who helps
you, because of the Almighty, [Hebrew Shaddai] who blesses you with blessings of
the heavens above, blessings of the deep that lies below, blessings of the
breast and womb. Your father’s blessings are greater than the blessings of the ancient
mountains, than the bounty of the age-old hills. Let all these rest on the head
of Joseph, on the brow of the prince among his brothers.
“Benjamin is a ravenous wolf; in the morning
he devours the prey, in the evening he divides the plunder.”
All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and
this is what their father said to them when he blessed them, giving each the blessing
appropriate to him.
Then he gave them these instructions: “I am
about to be gathered to my people. Bury me with my fathers in the cave in the
field of Ephron the Hittite, the cave in the field of Machpelah, near Mamre in
Canaan, which Abraham bought as a burial place from Ephron the Hittite, along
with the field. There Abraham and his wife Sarah were buried, there Isaac and
his wife Rebekah were buried, and there I buried Leah. The field and the cave
in it were bought from the Hittites.”
When Jacob had finished giving instructions to
his sons, he drew his feet up into the bed, breathed his last and was gathered
to his people.
CHAPTER 50
Joseph threw himself upon his father and wept
over him and kissed him.
Then Joseph directed the physicians in his
service to embalm his father Israel. So the physicians embalmed him, taking a
full forty days, for that was the time required for embalming. And the
Egyptians mourned for him seventy days.
When the days of
mourning had passed, Joseph said to Pharaoh’s court, “If I have
found favour in your eyes, speak to Pharaoh for me. Tell him, ‘My
father made me swear an oath and said, “I am about to die;
bury me in the tomb I dug for myself in the land of Canaan.”
Now let me go up and bury my father; then I will return.’”
Pharaoh said, “Go up and bury your father, as
he made you swear to do.”
So Joseph went up to bury his father. All
Pharaoh’s officials accompanied him — the dignitaries of his court and all the dignitaries
of Egypt — besides all the members of Joseph’s household and his brothers and
those belonging to his father’s household. Only their children and their flocks
and herds were left in Goshen.
Chariots and horsemen also went up with him.
It was a very large company. When they reached the threshing-floor of Atad,
near the Jordan, they lamented loudly and bitterly; and there Joseph observed a
seven-day period of mourning for his father.
When the Canaanites who lived there saw the
mourning at the threshing-floor of Atad, they said, “The Egyptians are holding
a solemn ceremony of mourning.” That is why that
place near the Jordan is called Abel Mizraim.
So Jacob’s sons did as he had commanded them:
They carried him to the land of Canaan and buried him in the cave in the field
of Machpelah, near Mamre, which Abraham had bought as a burial place from
Ephron the Hittite, along with the field.
After burying his father, Joseph returned to
Egypt, together with his brothers and all the others who had gone with him to bury
his father.
When Joseph’s
brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, “What if Joseph
holds a grudge against us and pays us back for all the wrongs we did
to him?”
So they sent word to Joseph, saying, “Your
father left these instructions before he died:
‘This is what you are to say to Joseph: I ask
you to forgive your brothers the sins and the wrongs they committed in treating
you so badly.’ Now please forgive the sins of the servants of the God of your
father.” When their message came to him, Joseph wept.
His brothers then came and threw themselves
down before him. “We are your slaves,” they said.
But Joseph said to them, “Don’t be afraid. Am
I in the place of God? You intended to harm me, but God intended it for good to
accomplish what is now being done, the saving of many lives. So then, don’t be
afraid. I will provide for you and your children.” And he reassured them and
spoke kindly to them.
Joseph stayed in Egypt, along with all his
father’s family. He lived a hundred and ten years and saw the third generation
of Ephraim’s children. Also the children of Makir son of Manasseh were placed
at birth on Joseph’s knees. [That is, were counted as his]
Then Joseph said to his brothers, “I am about
to die. But God will surely come to your aid and take you up out of this land to
the land he promised on oath to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.” And Joseph made the
sons of Israel swear an oath and said, “God will surely come to your aid, and
then you must carry my bones up from this place.”
So Joseph died at the age of a hundred and
ten. And after they embalmed him, he was placed in a coffin in Egypt.
EXODUS
CHAPTER 1
These are the names
of the sons of Israel who went to Egypt with Jacob, each with his family: Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah; Issachar,
Zebulun and Benjamin; Dan and Naphtali; Gad and Asher.
The descendants of
Jacob numbered seventy in all; Joseph was already in Egypt.
Now Joseph and all his brothers and all that
generation died, but the Israelites were fruitful and multiplied greatly and became
exceedingly numerous, so that the land was filled with them.
Then a new king, who did not know about
Joseph, came to power in Egypt.
“Look,” he said to his people, “the Israelites
have become much too numerous for us. Come, we must deal shrewdly with them or
they will become even more numerous and, if war breaks out, will join our enemies,
fight against us and leave the country.”
So they put slave masters over them to oppress
them with forced labour, and they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for
Pharaoh.
But the more they were oppressed, the more
they multiplied and spread; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites and
worked them ruthlessly. They made their lives bitter with hard labour in brick
and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields; in all their hard labour
the Egyptians used them ruthlessly.
The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives,
whose names were Shiphrah and Puah, “When you help the Hebrew women in
childbirth and observe them on the delivery stool, if it is a boy, kill him;
but if it is a girl, let her live.” The midwives, however, feared God and did
not do what the king of Egypt had told them to do; they let the boys live.
Then the king of Egypt summoned the midwives
and asked them, “Why have you done this? Why have you let the boys live?”
The midwives answered Pharaoh, “Hebrew women
are not like Egyptian women; they are vigorous and give birth before the
midwives arrive.”
So God was kind to the midwives and the people
increased and became even more numerous. And because the midwives feared God,
he gave them families of their own.
Then Pharaoh gave this order to all his
people: “Every Hebrew boy that is born you must throw into the Nile, but let
every girl live.”
CHAPTER 2
Now a man of the house of Levi married a
Levite woman, and she became pregnant and gave birth to a son. When she saw
that he was a fine child, she hid him for three months. But when she could hide
him no longer, she got a papyrus basket for him and coated it with tar and
pitch. Then she placed the child in it and put it among the reeds along the bank
of the Nile. His sister stood at a distance to see what would happen to him.
Then Pharaoh’s daughter went down to the Nile
to bathe, and her attendants were walking along the river bank. She saw the
basket among the reeds and sent her slave girl to get it. She opened it and saw
the baby. He was crying, and she felt sorry for him. “This is one of the Hebrew
babies,” she said.
Then his sister asked Pharaoh’s daughter,
“Shall I go and get one of the Hebrew women to nurse the baby for you?”
“Yes, go,” she answered. And the girl went and
got the baby’s mother.
Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this
baby and nurse him for me, and I will pay you.” So the woman took the baby and
nursed him.
When the child grew older, she took him to
Pharaoh’s daughter and he became her son. She named him Moses, saying, “I drew
him out of the water.”
One day, after Moses had grown up, he went out
to where his own people were and watched them at their hard labour. He saw an
Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his own people.
Glancing this way and that and seeing no-one,
he killed the Egyptian and hid him in the sand.
The next day he went out and saw two Hebrews
fighting. He asked the one in the wrong, “Why are you hitting your fellow Hebrew?”
The man said, “Who made you ruler and judge
over us? Are you thinking of killing me as you killed the Egyptian?” Then Moses
was afraid and thought, “What I did must have become known.”
When Pharaoh heard of this, he tried to kill
Moses, but Moses fled from Pharaoh and went to live in Midian, where he sat
down by a well.
Now a priest of Midian had seven daughters,
and they came to draw water and fill the troughs to water their father’s flock.
Some shepherds came along and drove them away, but Moses got up and came to
their rescue and watered their flock.
When the girls returned to Reuel their father,
he asked them, “Why have you returned so early today?”
They answered, “An Egyptian rescued us from
the shepherds. He even drew water for us and watered the flock.”
“And where is he?” he asked his daughters.
“Why did you leave him? Invite him to have something to eat.”
Moses agreed to stay with the man, who gave
his daughter Zipporah to Moses in marriage.
Zipporah gave birth to a son, and Moses named
him Gershom, saying, “I have become an alien in a foreign land.”
During that long period, the king of Egypt
died. The Israelites groaned in their slavery and cried out, and their cry for
help because of their slavery went up to God. God heard their groaning and he
remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac and with Jacob. So God looked
on the Israelites and was concerned about them.
CHAPTER 3
Now Moses was tending the flock of Jethro his
father-in-law, the priest of Midian, and he led the flock to the far side of
the desert and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.
There the angel of the LORD appeared to him in
flames of fire from within a bush. Moses saw that though the bush was on fire
it did not burn up.
So Moses thought, “I will go over and see this
strange sight — why the bush does not burn up.”
When the LORD saw that he had gone over to
look, God called to him from within the bush, “Moses! Moses!” And Moses said,
“Here I am.”
“Do not come any closer,” God said. “Take off
your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy ground.”
Then he said, “I am the God of your father,
the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob.” At this, Moses hid
his face, because he was afraid to look at God.
The LORD said, “I have indeed seen the misery
of my people in Egypt. I have heard them crying out because of their slave drivers,
and I am concerned about their suffering.
So I have come down to rescue them from the
hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land into a good and
spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey — the home of the Canaanites,
Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites.
And now the cry of the Israelites has reached
me, and I have seen the way the Egyptians are oppressing them. So now, go. I am
sending you to Pharaoh to bring my people the Israelites out of Egypt.”
But Moses said to God, “Who am I, that I
should go to Pharaoh and bring the Israelites out of Egypt?”
And God said, “I will be with you. And this
will be the sign to you that it is I who have sent you: When you have brought the
people out of Egypt, you will worship God on this mountain.”
Moses said to God,
“Suppose I go to the Israelites and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers
has sent me to you,’ and they
ask me, ‘What is his name?’ Then what shall I
tell them?”
God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM. This is
what you are to say to the Israelites: ‘I AM has sent me to you.’”
God also said to Moses, “Say to the
Israelites, ‘The LORD, the God of your fathers — the God of Abraham, the God of
Isaac and the God of Jacob — has sent me to you.’ This is my name for ever, the
name by which I am to be remembered from generation to generation.
“Go, assemble the elders of Israel and say to
them, ‘The LORD, the God of your fathers — the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob
— appeared to me and said: I have watched over you and have seen what has been
done to you in Egypt. And I have promised to bring you up out of your misery in
Egypt into the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites
and Jebusites — a land flowing with milk and honey.’
“The elders of Israel will listen to you. Then
you and the elders are to go to the king of Egypt and say to him, ‘The LORD,
the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. Let us take a three-day journey into
the desert to offer sacrifices to the LORD our God.’
But I know that the king of Egypt will not let
you go unless a mighty hand compels him. So I will stretch out my hand and
strike the Egyptians with all the wonders that I will perform among them. After
that, he will let you go. “And I will make the Egyptians favourably disposed
towards this people, so that when you leave you will not go emptyhanded. Every
woman is to ask her neighbour and any woman living in her house for articles of
silver and gold and for clothing, which you will put on your sons and
daughters. And so you will plunder the Egyptians.”
CHAPTER 4
Moses answered, “What if they do not believe
me or listen to me and say, ‘The LORD did not appear to you’?”
Then the LORD said to him, “What is that in
your hand?” “A staff,” he replied.
The LORD said, “Throw it on the ground.” Moses
threw it on the ground and it became a snake, and he ran from it.
Then the LORD said to him, “Reach out your
hand and take it by the tail.” So Moses reached out and took hold of the snake
and it turned back into a staff in his hand.
“This,” said the LORD, “is so that they may
believe that the LORD, the God of their fathers — the God of Abraham, the God
of Isaac and the God of Jacob — has appeared to you.”
Then the LORD said, “Put your hand inside your
cloak.” So Moses put his hand into his cloak, and when he took it out, it was
leprous, like snow. “Now put it back into your cloak,” he said. So Moses put
his hand back into his cloak, and when he took it out, it was restored, like the
rest of his flesh.
Then the LORD said, “If they do not believe
you or pay attention to the first miraculous sign, they may believe the second.
But if they do not believe these two signs or listen to you, take some water
from the Nile and pour it on the dry ground. The water you take from the river
will become blood on the ground.”
Moses said to the LORD, “O Lord, I have never
been eloquent, neither in the past nor since you have spoken to your servant. I
am slow of speech and tongue.”
The LORD said to
him, “Who gave man his mouth? Who makes him deaf or mute? Who
gives him sight or makes him blind? Is it not I, the LORD?
Now go; I will help you speak and will teach
you what to say.”
But Moses said, “O Lord, please send someone
else to do it.”
Then the LORD’s anger burned against Moses and
he said, “What about your brother, Aaron the Levite? I know he can speak well.
He is already on his way to meet you, and his heart will be glad when he sees
you.
You shall speak to him and put words in his
mouth; I will help both of you speak and will teach you what to do. He will
speak to the people for you, and it will be as if he were your mouth and as if
you were God to him. But take this staff in your hand so that you can perform miraculous
signs with it.”
Then Moses went back to Jethro his
father-in-law and said to him, “Let me go back to my own people in Egypt to see
if any of them are still alive.” Jethro said, “Go, and I wish you
well.”
Now the LORD had said to Moses in Midian, “Go
back to Egypt, for all the men who wanted to kill you are dead.”
So Moses took his wife and sons, put them on a
donkey and started back to Egypt. And he took the staff of God in his hand.
The LORD said to Moses, “When you return to
Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders I have given you the
power to do. But I will harden his heart so that he
will not let the people go. Then say to Pharaoh, ‘This is
what the LORD says: Israel is
my firstborn son, and I told you, “Let my son go, so that he
may worship me.” But you refused to let him go; so I will kill your firstborn son.’”
At a lodging place on the way, the LORD met
Moses and was about to kill him.
But Zipporah took a flint knife, cut off her
son’s foreskin and touched Moses’ feet with it. “Surely you are a bridegroom of
blood to me,” she said.
So the LORD let him alone. (At that time she
said “bridegroom of blood”, referring to circumcision.)
The LORD said to Aaron, “Go into the desert to
meet Moses.” So he met Moses at the mountain of God and kissed him. Then Moses
told Aaron everything the LORD had sent him
to say, and also about all the miraculous signs he had commanded
him to perform.
Moses and Aaron brought together all the
elders of the Israelites, and Aaron told them everything the LORD had said to Moses.
He also performed the signs before the people, and they believed. And when they
heard that the LORD was concerned about them and had seen their misery, they
bowed down and worshipped.
CHAPTER 5
Afterwards Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and
said, “This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘Let my people go, so
that they may hold a festival to me in the desert.’”
Pharaoh said, “Who is the LORD, that I should
obey him and let Israel go? I do not know the LORD and I will not let Israel
go.”
Then they said, “The
God of the Hebrews has met with us. Now let us take a three-day
journey into the desert to offer sacrifices to the LORD our God,
or he may strike us with plagues or with the sword.”
But the king of Egypt said, “Moses and Aaron,
why are you taking the people away from their labour? Get back to your work!”
Then Pharaoh said, “Look, the people of the land are now
numerous, and you are stopping them from working.”
That same day Pharaoh gave this order to the
slave drivers and foremen in charge of the people:
“You are no longer to supply the people with
straw for making bricks; let them go and gather their own straw. But require
them to make the same number of bricks as before; don’t reduce the quota. They
are lazy; that is why they are crying out, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to our
God.’ Make the work harder for the men so that they keep working and pay no
attention to lies.”
Then the slave drivers and the foremen went
out and said to the people, “This is what Pharaoh says: ‘I will not give you any
more straw. Go and get your own straw wherever you can find it, but your work
will not be reduced at all.’”
So the people scattered all over Egypt to
gather stubble to use for straw.
The slave drivers kept pressing them, saying,
“Complete the work required of you for each day, just as when you had straw.”
The Israelite foremen appointed by Pharaoh’s
slave drivers were beaten and were asked, “Why didn’t you meet your quota of
bricks yesterday or today, as before?”
Then the Israelite
foremen went and appealed to Pharaoh: “Why have you treated your
servants this way? Your servants are given no straw, yet we are told, ‘Make bricks!’
Your servants are being beaten, but the fault is with your own
people.”
Pharaoh said, “Lazy, that’s what you are —
lazy! That is why you keep saying, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to the LORD.’ Now
get to work. You will not be given any straw, yet you must produce your full
quota of bricks.”
The Israelite foremen realised they were in
trouble when they were told, “You are not to reduce the number of bricks required
of you for each day.”
When they left Pharaoh, they found Moses and
Aaron waiting to meet them, and they said, “May the LORD look upon you and
judge you! You have made us a stench to Pharaoh and his officials and have put
a sword in their hand to kill us.”
Moses returned to the LORD and said, “O Lord,
why have you brought trouble upon this people? Is this why you sent me? Ever
since I went to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has brought trouble upon this
people, and you have not rescued your people at all.”
CHAPTER 6
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Now you will see
what I will do to Pharaoh: Because of my mighty hand he will let them go;
because of my mighty hand he will drive them out
of his country.”
God also said to Moses, “I am the LORD. I
appeared to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob as God
Almighty, but by my name the LORD I did not make myself known
to them. I also established my covenant with them to give them the land of
Canaan, where they lived as aliens. Moreover, I have heard the groaning of the
Israelites, whom the Egyptians are enslaving, and I have remembered my covenant.
“Therefore, say to the Israelites: ‘I am the LORD, and I will bring you out
from under the yoke of the Egyptians. I will free you from being slaves to
them, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with mighty acts of
judgment.
I will take you as my own people, and I will
be your God. Then you will know that I am the LORD your God, who brought you
out from under the yoke of the Egyptians. And I will bring you to the land I
swore with uplifted hand to give to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob. I will give
it to you as a possession. I am the LORD.’”
Moses reported this to the Israelites, but
they did not listen to him because of their discouragement and cruel bondage.
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go, tell Pharaoh
king of Egypt to let the Israelites go out of
his country.”
But Moses said to the LORD, “If the Israelites
will not listen to me, why would Pharaoh listen to me, since I speak with faltering
lips?”
Now the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron about
the Israelites and Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he commanded them to bring the
Israelites out of Egypt.
These were the heads of their families: The
sons of Reuben the firstborn son of Israel were Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and
Carmi. These were the clans of Reuben.
The sons of Simeon
were Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar and Shaul the son of a Canaanite
woman. These were the clans of Simeon.
These were the names of the sons of Levi
according to their records: Gershon, Kohath and Merari. Levi lived 137 years.
The sons of Gershon, by clans, were Libni and Shimei. The sons of Kohath were
Amram, Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel. Kohath lived 133 years. The sons of Merari
were Mahli and Mushi. These were the clans of Levi according to their records.
Amram married his father’s sister Jochebed,
who bore him Aaron and Moses. Amram lived 137 years.
The sons of Izhar were Korah, Nepheg and
Zicri. The sons of Uzziel were Mishael, Elzaphan and Sithri.
Aaron married Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab
and sister of Nahshon, and she bore him Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
The sons of Korah were Assir, Elkanah and
Abiasaph. These were the Korahite clans.
Eleazar son of Aaron married one of the
daughters of Putiel, and she bore him Phinehas. These were the heads of the Levite
families, clan by clan.
It was this same Aaron and Moses to whom the
LORD said, “Bring the Israelites out of Egypt by their divisions.” They were
the ones who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt about bringing the Israelites out
of Egypt. It was the same Moses and Aaron.
Now when the LORD spoke to Moses in Egypt, he
said to him, “I am the LORD. Tell Pharaoh king of Egypt everything I tell you.”
But Moses said to
the LORD, “Since I speak with faltering lips, why would Pharaoh listen
to me?”
CHAPTER 7
Then the LORD said to Moses, “See, I have made
you like God to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron will be your prophet. You are
to say everything I command you, and your brother Aaron is to tell Pharaoh to
let the Israelites go out of his country. But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart,
and though I multiply my miraculous signs and wonders in Egypt, he will not
listen to you. Then I will lay my hand on Egypt and with mighty acts of
judgment I will bring out my divisions, my people the Israelites. And the
Egyptians will know that I am the LORD when I stretch out my hand against Egypt
and bring the Israelites out of it.”
Moses and Aaron did just as the LORD commanded
them.
Moses was eighty years old and Aaron
eighty-three when they spoke to Pharaoh.
The LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “When
Pharaoh says to you, ‘Perform a miracle,’ then say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff
and throw it down before Pharaoh,’ and it will become a snake.”
So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and did
just as the LORD commanded. Aaron threw his staff down in front of Pharaoh and
his officials, and it became a snake.
Pharaoh then summoned the wise men and
sorcerers, and the Egyptian magicians also did the same things by their secret arts:
Each one threw down his staff and it became a snake. But Aaron’s staff
swallowed up their staffs.
Yet Pharaoh’s heart became hard and he would
not listen to them, just as the LORD had said.
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart
is unyielding; he refuses to let the people go.
Go to Pharaoh in the morning as he goes out to
the water. Wait on the bank of the Nile to meet him, and take in your hand the
staff that was changed into a snake. Then say to him, ‘The LORD, the God of the
Hebrews, has sent me to say to you: Let my people go, so that they may worship
me in the desert. But until now you have not listened.
This is what the LORD says: By this you will
know that I am the LORD: With the staff that is in my hand I will strike the water
of the Nile, and it will be changed into blood. The fish in the Nile will die,
and the river will stink; the Egyptians will not be able to drink its water.’”
The LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Take
your staff and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt — over the streams
and canals, over the ponds and all the reservoirs’ — and they will turn to
blood. Blood will be everywhere in Egypt, even in the wooden buckets and stone
jars.”
Moses and Aaron did just as the LORD had
commanded. He raised his staff in the presence of Pharaoh and his officials and
struck the water of the Nile, and all the water was changed into blood. The
fish in the Nile died, and the river smelled so bad that the Egyptians could
not drink its water. Blood was everywhere in Egypt.
But the Egyptian magicians did the same things
by their secret arts, and Pharaoh’s heart became hard; he would not listen to
Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said. Instead, he turned and went into
his palace, and did not take even this to heart.
And all the Egyptians dug along the Nile to
get drinking water, because they could not drink the water of the river.
Seven days passed after the LORD struck the
Nile.
CHAPTER 8
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh
and say to him, ‘This is what the LORD says: Let my people go, so that they may
worship me. If you refuse to let them go, I will plague your whole country with
frogs.
The Nile will teem with frogs. They will come
up into your palace and your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your
officials and on your people, and into your ovens and kneading troughs. The
frogs will go up on you and your people and all your officials.’”
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron,
‘Stretch out your hand with your staff over the streams and canals and ponds,
and make frogs come up on the land of Egypt.’”
So Aaron stretched out his hand over the
waters of Egypt, and the frogs came up and covered the land.
But the magicians did the same things by their
secret arts; they also made frogs come up on the land of Egypt.
Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said,
“Pray to the LORD to take the frogs away from me and my people, and I will let
your people go to offer sacrifices to the LORD.”
Moses said to Pharaoh, “I leave to you the
honour of setting the time for me to pray for you and your officials and your people
that you and your houses may be rid of the frogs, except for those that remain
in the Nile.”
“Tomorrow,” Pharaoh said.
Moses replied, “It will be as you say, so that
you may know there is no-one like the LORD our God. The frogs will leave you
and your houses, your officials and your people; they will remain only in the
Nile.”
After Moses and Aaron left Pharaoh, Moses
cried out to the LORD about the frogs he had brought on Pharaoh. And the LORD
did what Moses asked. The frogs died in the houses, in the courtyards and in
the fields. They were piled into heaps, and the land reeked of them.
But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief, he
hardened his heart and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD
had said.
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Tell Aaron,
‘Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the ground,’ and throughout the
land of Egypt the dust will become gnats.”
They did this, and when Aaron stretched out
his hand with the staff and struck the dust of the ground, gnats came upon men
and animals. All the dust throughout the land of Egypt became gnats.
But when the magicians tried to produce gnats
by their secret arts, they could not. And the gnats were on men and animals.
The magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger of God.”
But Pharaoh’s heart
was hard and he would not listen, just as the LORD had said.
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in
the morning and confront Pharaoh as he goes to the water and say to him, ‘This
is what the LORD says: Let my people go, so that they
may worship me. If you do not let my people go, I will send
swarms of flies on you and your officials, on your people and into your houses.
The houses of the Egyptians will be full of flies, and even the ground where
they are. “‘But on that day I will deal differently with the land of
Goshen, where my people live; no swarms of flies will be there,
so that you will know that I, the LORD, am in this land. I will make a
distinction between my people and your people. This miraculous sign will occur
tomorrow.’”
And the LORD did this. Dense swarms of flies
poured into Pharaoh’s palace and into the houses of his officials, and throughout
Egypt the land was ruined by the flies.
Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and
said, “Go, sacrifice to your God here in the land.”
But Moses said, “That would not be right. The
sacrifices we offer the LORD our God would be detestable to the Egyptians. And
if we offer sacrifices that are detestable in their eyes, will they not stone
us?
We must take a three-day journey into the
desert to offer sacrifices to the LORD our God, as he commands us.”
Pharaoh said, “I will let you go to offer
sacrifices to the LORD your God in the desert, but you must not go very far. Now
pray for me.”
Moses answered, “As soon as I leave you, I
will pray to the LORD, and tomorrow the flies will leave Pharaoh and his officials
and his people. Only be sure that Pharaoh does not act deceitfully again by not
letting the people go to offer sacrifices to the LORD.”
Then Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to the
LORD, and the LORD did what Moses asked: The flies left Pharaoh and his
officials and his people; not a fly remained.
But this time also
Pharaoh hardened his heart and would not let the people go.
CHAPTER 9
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh
and say to him, ‘This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: “Let my
people go, so that they may worship me.” If you refuse to let them go and
continue to hold them back, the hand of the LORD will bring a terrible plague
on your livestock in the field — on your horses and donkeys and camels and on
your cattle and sheep and goats. But the LORD will make a distinction between
the livestock of Israel and that of Egypt, so that no animal belonging to the Israelites
will die.’”
The LORD set a time and said, “Tomorrow the
LORD will do this in the land.”
And the next day the LORD did it: All the
livestock of the Egyptians died, but not one animal belonging to the Israelites
died.
Pharaoh sent men to investigate and found that
not even one of the animals of the Israelites had died. Yet his heart was unyielding
and he would not let the people go.
Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “Take
handfuls of soot from a furnace and have Moses toss it into the air in the presence
of Pharaoh. It will become fine dust over the whole land of Egypt, and festering
boils will break out on men and animals throughout the land.”
So they took soot from a furnace and stood
before Pharaoh. Moses tossed it into the air, and festering boils broke out on men
and animals.
The magicians could
not stand before Moses because of the boils that were on them and on
all the Egyptians.
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart and he
would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said to Moses.
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in
the morning, confront Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the LORD, the God
of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me, or this
time I will send the full force of my plagues against you and against your
officials and your people, so you may know that there is no-one like me in all
the earth. For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and
your people with a plague that would have wiped you off the earth. But I have
raised you up for this very purpose, that I might show you my power and that my
name might be proclaimed in all the earth.
You still set
yourself against my people and will not let them go. Therefore, at this time
tomorrow I will send the worst hailstorm that has ever fallen on Egypt, from
the day it was
founded till now.
Give an order now to bring your livestock and
everything you have in the field to a place of shelter, because the hail will
fall on every man and animal that has not been brought in and is still out in
the field, and they will die.’”
Those officials of Pharaoh who feared the word
of the LORD hurried to bring their slaves and their livestock inside. But those
who ignored the word of the LORD left their slaves and livestock in the field.
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your
hand towards the sky so that hail will fall all over Egypt — on men and animals
and on everything growing in the fields of Egypt.”
When Moses stretched out his staff towards the
sky, the LORD sent thunder and hail, and lightning flashed down to the ground.
So the LORD rained hail on the land of Egypt; hail fell and lightning flashed
back and forth. It was the worst storm in all the land of Egypt since it had
become a nation. Throughout Egypt hail struck everything in the fields —both
men and animals; it beat down everything growing in the fields and stripped
every tree.
The only place it did not hail was the land of
Goshen, where the Israelites were.
Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron. “This
time I have sinned,” he said to them. “The LORD is in the right, and I and my
people are in the wrong.
Pray to the LORD, for we have had enough
thunder and hail. I will let you go; you don’t have to stay any longer.”
Moses replied, “When I have gone out of the
city, I will spread out my hands in prayer to the LORD. The thunder will stop
and there will be no more hail, so you may know that the earth is the LORD’s.
But I know that you and your officials still do not fear the LORD God.”
(The flax and barley were destroyed, since the
barley was in the ear and the flax was in bloom.
The wheat and spelt, however, were not
destroyed, because they ripen later.)
Then Moses left Pharaoh and went out of the
city. He spread out his hands towards the LORD; the thunder and hail stopped,
and the rain no longer poured down on the land.
When Pharaoh saw
that the rain and hail and thunder had stopped, he sinned again: He and
his officials hardened their hearts. So Pharaoh’s heart was hard and he would not let
the Israelites go, just as the LORD had said through Moses.
CHAPTER 10
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh,
for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials so that I may perform
these miraculous signs of mine among them that you may tell your children and
grandchildren how I dealt harshly with the Egyptians and how I performed my
signs among them, and that you may know that I am the LORD.”
So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to
him, “This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘How long will you
refuse to humble yourself before me? Let my people go, so that they may worship
me. If you refuse to let them go, I will bring locusts into your country
tomorrow. They will cover the face of the ground so that it cannot be seen.
They will devour what little you have left after the hail, including every tree
that is growing in your fields. They will fill your houses and those of all
your officials and all the Egyptians — something neither your fathers nor your forefathers
have ever seen from the day they settled in this land till now.’” Then Moses
turned and left Pharaoh.
Pharaoh’s officials said to him, “How long
will this man be a snare to us? Let the people go, so that they may worship the
LORD their God. Do you not yet realise that Egypt is ruined?”
Then Moses and Aaron
were brought back to Pharaoh. “Go, worship the LORD your God,” he
said. “But just who will be going?”
Moses answered, “We will go with our young and
old, with our sons and daughters, and with our flocks and herds, because we are
to celebrate a festival to the LORD.”
Pharaoh said, “The LORD be with you — if I let
you go, along with your women and children! Clearly you are bent on evil.
No! Let only the men go; and worship the LORD,
since that’s what you have been asking for.” Then Moses and Aaron were driven
out of Pharaoh’s presence.
And the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your
hand over Egypt so that locusts will swarm over the land and devour everything
growing in the fields, everything left by the hail.”
So Moses stretched out his staff over Egypt,
and the LORD made an east wind blow across the land all that day and all that
night. By morning the wind had brought the locusts; they invaded all Egypt and
settled down in every area of the country in great numbers. Never before had
there been such a plague of locusts, nor will there ever be again. They covered
all the ground until it was black. They devoured all that was left after the
hail — everything growing in the fields and the fruit on the trees. Nothing
green remained on tree or plant in all the land of Egypt.
Pharaoh quickly summoned Moses and Aaron and
said, “I have sinned against the LORD your God and against you.
Now forgive my sin once more and pray to the
LORD your God to take this deadly plague away from me.”
Moses then left Pharaoh and prayed to the
LORD. And the LORD changed the wind to a very strong west wind, which caught up
the locusts and carried them into the Red Sea. Not a locust was left anywhere
in Egypt.
But the LORD
hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go.
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your
hand towards the sky so that darkness will spread over Egypt — darkness that
can be felt.”
So Moses stretched out his hand towards the
sky, and total darkness covered all Egypt for three days. No-one could see
anyone else or leave his place for three days. Yet all the Israelites had light
in the places where they lived.
Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and said, “Go,
worship the LORD. Even your women and children may go with you; only leave your
flocks and herds behind.”
But Moses said, “You must allow us to have
sacrifices and burnt offerings to present to the LORD our God. Our livestock
too must go with us; not a hoof is to be left behind. We have to use some of
them in worshipping the LORD our God, and until we get there we will not know what
we are to use to worship the LORD.”
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he
was not willing to let them go.
Pharaoh said to Moses, “Get out of my sight!
Make sure you do not appear before me again! The day you see my face you will
die.”
“Just as you say,” Moses replied, “I will never
appear before you again.”
CHAPTER 11
Now the LORD said to Moses, “I will bring one
more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. After that, he will let you go from here,
and when he does, he will drive you out completely.
Tell the people that
men and women alike are to ask their neighbours for articles of
silver and gold.” (The LORD made the
Egyptians favourably disposed towards the people, and Moses himself was highly
regarded in Egypt by Pharaoh’s officials and by the people.)
So Moses said, “This is what the LORD says:
‘About midnight I will go throughout Egypt. Every firstborn son in Egypt will
die, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sits on the throne, to the
firstborn son of the slave girl, who is at her hand mill, and all the firstborn
of the cattle as well.
There will be loud wailing throughout Egypt —
worse than there has ever been or ever will be again.
But among the Israelites not a dog will bark
at any man or animal.’ Then you will know that the LORD makes a distinction
between Egypt and Israel. All these officials of yours will come to me, bowing
down before me and saying, ‘Go, you and all the people who follow you!’ After
that I will leave.” Then Moses, hot with anger, left Pharaoh.
The LORD had said to Moses, “Pharaoh will
refuse to listen to you — so that my wonders may be multiplied in Egypt.”
Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders
before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the
Israelites go out of his country.
CHAPTER 12
The LORD said to Moses and Aaron in Egypt,
“This month is to be for you the first month, the first month of your year.
Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man
is to take a lamb for his family, one for each household. If any household is
too small for a whole lamb, they must share one with their nearest neighbour,
having taken into account the number of people there are. You are to determine
the amount of lamb needed in accordance with what each person will eat. The
animals you choose must be year-old males without defect, and you may take them
from the sheep or the goats.
Take care of them until the fourteenth day of
the month, when all the people of the community of Israel must slaughter them
at twilight. Then they are to take some of the blood and put it on the sides
and tops of the door-frames of the houses where they eat the lambs.
That same night they are to eat the meat
roasted over the fire, along with bitter herbs, and bread made without yeast.
Do not eat the meat raw or cooked in water, but roast it over the fire — head,
legs and inner parts. Do not leave any of it till morning; if some is left till
morning,
you must burn it.
This is how you are to eat it: with your cloak
tucked into your belt, your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand.
Eat it in haste; it is the LORD’s Passover.
“On that same night I will pass through Egypt
and strike down every firstborn — both men and animals — and I will bring
judgment on all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD.
The blood will be a sign for you on the houses
where you are; and when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No destructive
plague will touch you when I strike Egypt.
“This is a day you
are to commemorate; for the generations to come you shall celebrate it
as a festival to the LORD — a
lasting ordinance.
For seven days you are to eat bread made
without yeast. On the first day remove the yeast from your houses, for whoever eats
anything with yeast in it from the first day until the seventh must be cut off
from Israel.
On the first day hold a sacred assembly, and
another one on the seventh day. Do no work at all on these days, except to prepare
food for everyone to eat — that is all you may do.
“Celebrate the Feast of Unleavened Bread,
because it was on this very day that I brought your divisions out of Egypt. Celebrate
this day as a lasting ordinance for the generations
to come.
In the first month you are to eat bread made
without yeast, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the
twenty-first day.
For seven days no yeast is to be found in your
houses. And whoever eats anything with yeast in it must be cut off from the
community of Israel, whether he is an alien or nativeborn. Eat nothing made
with yeast. Wherever you live, you must eat unleavened bread.”
Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel
and said to them, “Go at once and select the animals for your families and
slaughter the Passover lamb.
Take a bunch of hyssop, dip it into the blood
in the basin and put some of the blood on the top and on both sides of the door-frame.
Not one of you shall go out of the door of his house until morning.
When the LORD goes through the land to strike
down the Egyptians, he will see the blood on the top and sides of the door-frame
and will pass over that doorway, and he will not permit the destroyer to enter
your houses and strike you down.
“Obey these instructions as a lasting
ordinance for you and your descendants. When you enter the land that the LORD
will give you as he promised, observe this ceremony. And when your children ask
you, ‘What does this ceremony mean to you?’ then tell them, ‘It is the Passover
sacrifice to the LORD, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt
and spared our homes when he struck down the Egyptians.’” Then the people bowed
down and worshipped.
The Israelites did just what the LORD
commanded Moses and Aaron.
At midnight the LORD struck down all the
firstborn in Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne, to
the firstborn of the prisoner, who was in the dungeon, and
the firstborn of all the livestock as well.
Pharaoh and all his officials and all the
Egyptians got up during the night, and there was loud wailing in Egypt, for there
was not a house without someone dead.
During the night Pharaoh summoned Moses and
Aaron and said, “Up! Leave my people, you and the Israelites! Go, worship the
LORD as you have requested. Take your flocks and herds, as you have said, and
go. And also bless me.”
The Egyptians urged the people to hurry and
leave the country. “For otherwise,” they said, “we will all die!”
So the people took their dough before the
yeast was added, and carried it on their shoulders in kneading troughs wrapped in
clothing.
The Israelites did
as Moses instructed and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver
and gold and for clothing.
The LORD had made the Egyptians favourably
disposed towards the people, and they gave them what they asked for; so they
plundered the Egyptians.
The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to
Succoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides women and
children. Many other people went up with them, as well as large droves of
livestock, both flocks and herds.
With the dough they had brought from Egypt,
they baked cakes of unleavened bread. The dough was without yeast because they
had been driven out of Egypt and did not have time to prepare food for
themselves.
Now the length of time the Israelite people
lived in Egypt was 430 years.
At the end of the 430 years, to the very day,
all the LORD’s divisions left Egypt.
Because the LORD kept vigil that night to
bring them out of Egypt, on this night all the Israelites are to keep vigil to honour
the LORD for the generations to come.
The LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “These are
the regulations for the Passover: “No foreigner is to eat of it. Any slave you
have bought may eat of it after you have
circumcised him, but a temporary resident and a hired
worker may not eat of it. “It must be eaten inside one house; take none of the
meat outside the house. Do not break any of the bones.
The whole community of Israel must celebrate
it. “An alien living among you who wants to celebrate the LORD’s Passover must
have all the males in his household circumcised; then he may take part like one
born in the land. No uncircumcised male may eat of it. The same law applies to
the native-born and to the alien living among you.”
All the Israelites did just what the LORD had
commanded Moses and Aaron. And on that very day the LORD brought the Israelites
out of Egypt by their divisions.
CHAPTER 13
The LORD said to Moses, “Consecrate to me
every firstborn male. The first offspring of every womb among the Israelites
belongs to me, whether man or animal.”
Then Moses said to the people, “Commemorate
this day, the day you came out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery, because
the LORD brought you out of it with a mighty hand. Eat nothing containing
yeast.
Today, in the month of Abib, you are leaving.
When the LORD brings you into the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites,
Hivites and Jebusites — the land he swore to your forefathers to give you, a
land flowing with milk and honey — you are to observe this ceremony in this
month:
For seven days eat bread made without yeast and on the seventh
day hold a festival to the LORD.
Eat unleavened bread during those seven days;
nothing with yeast in it is to be seen among you, nor shall any yeast be seen
anywhere within your borders.
On that day tell your son, ‘I do this because
of what the LORD did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ This observance will be
for you like a sign on your hand and a reminder on your forehead that the law
of the LORD is to be on your lips. For the LORD brought you out of Egypt
with his mighty hand.
You must keep this ordinance at the appointed
time year after year. “After the LORD brings you into the land of the
Canaanites and gives it to you, as he promised on oath to you and your forefathers,
you are to give over to the LORD the first offspring of every womb. All the
firstborn males of your livestock belong to the LORD. Redeem with a lamb every
firstborn donkey, but if you do not redeem it, break its neck. Redeem every
firstborn among your sons.
“In days to come when your son asks you, ‘What
does this mean?’ say to him, ‘With a mighty hand the LORD brought us out of
Egypt, out of the land of slavery. When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us
go, the LORD killed every firstborn in Egypt, both man and animal. This is why I
sacrifice to the LORD the first male offspring of every womb and redeem each of
my firstborn sons.’ And it will be like a sign on your hand and a symbol on
your forehead that the LORD brought us out of Egypt with his mighty hand.”
When Pharaoh let the people go, God did not
lead them on the road through the Philistine country, though that was shorter.
For God said, “If they face war, they might change
their minds and return to Egypt.” So God led the people
around by the desert road towards the
Red Sea. The Israelites went up out of Egypt armed for battle.
Moses took the bones
of Joseph with him because Joseph had made the sons of Israel swear an
oath. He had said, “God will surely come to your aid, and then you must carry my bones up with
you from this place.”
After leaving Succoth they camped at Etham on
the edge of the desert. By day the LORD went ahead of them in a pillar of cloud
to guide them on their way and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light,
so that they could travel by day or night. Neither the pillar of cloud by day
nor the pillar of fire by night left its place in front of the people.
CHAPTER 14
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Tell the
Israelites to turn back and camp near Pi Hahiroth,
between Migdol and the sea. They are to camp by the sea, directly
opposite Baal Zephon. Pharaoh will think, ‘The Israelites are wandering around
the land in confusion, hemmed in by the desert.’ And I will harden Pharaoh’s
heart, and he will pursue them. But I will gain glory for myself through Pharaoh
and all his army, and the Egyptians will know that I am the LORD.” So
the Israelites did this.
When the king of Egypt was told that the
people had fled, Pharaoh and his officials changed their minds about them and said,
“What have we done? We have let the Israelites go and
have lost their services!”
So he had his chariot made ready and took his
army with him. He took six hundred of the best chariots, along with all the other
chariots of Egypt, with officers over all of them.
The LORD hardened the
heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, so that he pursued the Israelites,
who were marching out boldly.
The Egyptians — all Pharaoh’s horses and
chariots, horsemen and troops — pursued the Israelites and overtook them as
they camped by the sea near Pi Hahiroth, opposite
Baal Zephon.
As Pharaoh approached, the Israelites looked
up, and there were the Egyptians, marching after them. They were terrified and
cried out to the LORD.
They said to Moses, “Was it because there were
no graves in Egypt that you brought us to the desert to die? What have you done
to us by bringing us out of Egypt? Didn’t we say to you in Egypt, ‘Leave us
alone; let us serve the Egyptians’? It would have been better for us to serve
the
Egyptians than to die in the desert!”
Moses answered the people, “Do not be afraid.
Stand firm and you will see the deliverance the LORD will bring you today. The
Egyptians you see today you will never see again. The LORD will fight for you;
you need only to be still.”
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Why are you
crying out to me? Tell the Israelites to move on. Raise your staff and stretch
out your hand over the sea to divide the water so that the Israelites can go
through the sea on dry ground.
I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so
that they will go in after them. And I will gain glory through Pharaoh and all his
army, through his chariots and his horsemen.
The Egyptians will know that I am the LORD
when I gain glory through Pharaoh, his chariots and his horsemen.”
Then the angel of God, who had been travelling
in front of Israel’s army, withdrew and went behind them. The pillar of cloud
also moved from in front and stood behind them, coming between the armies of
Egypt and Israel. Throughout the night the cloud brought darkness to the one
side and light to the other; so neither went near the other all night long.
Then Moses stretched out his hand over the
sea, and all that night the LORD drove the sea back with a strong east wind and
turned it into dry land. The waters were divided, and the Israelites went
through the sea on dry ground, with a wall of water on their right and on their
left.
The Egyptians pursued them, and all Pharaoh’s
horses and chariots and horsemen followed them into the sea.
During the last watch of the night the LORD
looked down from the pillar of fire and cloud at the Egyptian army and threw it
into confusion. He made the wheels of their chariots come off so that they had
difficulty driving. And the Egyptians said, “Let’s get away from the
Israelites! The LORD is fighting for them against Egypt.”
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your
hand over the sea so that the waters may flow back over the Egyptians and their
chariots and horsemen.”
Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and
at daybreak the sea went back to its place. The Egyptians were fleeing towards
it, and the LORD swept them into the sea. The water flowed back and covered the
chariots and horsemen — the entire army of Pharaoh that had followed
the Israelites into the sea. Not one of them survived.
But the Israelites went through the sea on dry
ground, with a wall of water on their right and on their left. That day the
LORD saved Israel from the hands of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians
lying dead on the shore.
And when the Israelites
saw the great power the LORD displayed against the Egyptians, the people feared the LORD and put
their trust in him and in Moses his servant.
CHAPTER 15
Then Moses and the Israelites sang this song
to the LORD: “I will sing to the LORD, for he is highly exalted. The horse and its
rider he has hurled into the sea. The LORD is my strength and my song; he has
become my salvation. He is my God, and I will praise him, my father’s God, and
I will exalt him. The LORD is a warrior; the LORD is his name.
Pharaoh’s chariots and his army he has hurled
into the sea. The best of Pharaoh’s officers are drowned in the Red Sea. The
deep waters have covered them; they sank to the depths like a stone.
“Your right hand, O LORD, was majestic in
power. Your right hand, O LORD, shattered the enemy. In the greatness of your
majesty you threw down those who opposed you. You unleashed your burning anger;
it consumed them like stubble. By the blast of your nostrils the waters piled
up. The surging waters stood firm like a wall; the deep waters congealed in the
heart of the sea.
“The enemy boasted, ‘I will pursue, I will
overtake them. I will divide the spoils; I will gorge myself on them. I will
draw my sword and my hand will destroy them.’
But you blew with your breath, and the sea
covered them. They sank like lead in the mighty waters. “Who among the gods is
like you, O LORD? Who is like you — majestic in holiness, awesome in glory,
working wonders? You stretched out your right hand and the earth swallowed them.
“In your unfailing love you will lead the
people you have redeemed. In your strength you will guide them to your holy dwelling.
The nations will hear and tremble; anguish will grip the people of Philistia.
The chiefs of Edom will be terrified, the leaders of Moab will be seized with
trembling, the people of Canaan will melt away; terror and dread will fall upon
them. By the power of your arm they will be as still as a stone — until your
people pass by, O LORD, until the people you bought pass by. You will bring
them in and plant them on the mountain of your inheritance — the place, O LORD,
you made for your dwelling, the sanctuary, O Lord, your hands established The
LORD will reign for ever and ever.”
When Pharaoh’s horses, chariots and horsemen
went into the sea, the LORD brought the waters of the sea back over them, but
the Israelites walked through the sea on dry ground.
Then Miriam the prophetess, Aaron’s sister,
took a tambourine in her hand, and all the women followed her, with tambourines
and dancing. Miriam sang to them: “Sing to the LORD, for he is highly exalted.
The horse and its rider he has hurled into the sea.”
Then Moses led Israel from the Red Sea and
they went into the Desert of Shur. For three days they travelled in the desert without
finding water.
When they came to Marah, they could not drink
its water because it was bitter. (That is why the place is called Marah.)
So the people grumbled against Moses, saying,
“What are we to drink?”
Then Moses cried out
to the LORD, and the LORD showed him a piece of wood. He threw it
into the water, and the water became sweet. There the LORD made a decree and a
law for them, and there he tested them. He said, “If you
listen carefully to the voice of the LORD
your God and do what is right in his eyes, if you pay
attention to his commands and keep all his decrees, I will not bring on you any
of the diseases I brought on the Egyptians, for I am
the LORD, who heals you.”
Then they came to Elim, where there were twelve
springs and seventy palm trees, and they camped there near the water.
CHAPTER 16
The whole Israelite community set out from
Elim and came to the Desert of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth
day of the second month after they had come out of
Egypt.
In the desert the whole community grumbled
against Moses and Aaron.
The Israelites said to them, “If only we had
died by the LORD’s hand in Egypt! There we sat round pots of meat and ate all
the food we wanted, but you have brought us out into this desert to starve this
entire assembly to death.”
Then the LORD said to Moses, “I will rain down
bread from heaven for you. The people are to go out each day and gather enough
for that day. In this way I will test them and see whether they will follow my
instructions. On the sixth day they are to prepare what they bring in, and that
is to be twice as much as they gather on the other days.”
So Moses and Aaron said to all the Israelites,
“In the evening you will know that it was the LORD who brought you out of Egypt,
and in the morning you will see the glory of the LORD, because he has heard
your grumbling against him. Who are we, that you should grumble against us?” Moses also said, “You will know that it was
the LORD when he gives you meat to eat in the evening and all the bread you want
in the morning, because he has heard your grumbling against him. Who are we?
You are not grumbling against us, but against the LORD.”
Then Moses told Aaron, “Say to the entire
Israelite community, ‘Come before the LORD, for he has heard your grumbling.’”
While Aaron was speaking to the whole
Israelite community, they looked towards the desert, and there was the glory of
the LORD appearing in the cloud.
The LORD said to Moses, “I have heard the
grumbling of the Israelites. Tell them, ‘At twilight you will eat meat, and in
the morning you will be filled with bread. Then you will know that I am the
LORD your God.’”
That evening quail came and covered the camp,
and in the morning there was a layer of dew around the camp. When the dew was
gone, thin flakes like frost on the ground appeared on the desert floor.
When the Israelites saw it, they said to each
other, “What is it?” For they did not know what it was. Moses said to them, “It
is the bread the LORD has given you to eat.
This is what the LORD has commanded: ‘Each one
is to gather as much as he needs. Take an omer for each person you have in your
tent.’”
The Israelites did as they were told; some gathered
much, some little. And when they measured it by the omer, he who gathered much
did not have too much, and he who gathered little did not have too little. Each
one gathered as much as he needed.
Then Moses said to them, “No-one is to keep
any of it until morning.”
However, some of them paid no attention to
Moses; they kept part of it until morning, but it was full of maggots and began
to smell. So Moses was angry with them.
Each morning everyone gathered as much as he
needed, and when the sun grew hot, it melted away.
On the sixth day, they gathered twice as much
— two omers for each person — and the leaders of the community came and
reported this to Moses.
He said to them, “This is what the LORD
commanded: ‘Tomorrow is to be a day of rest, a holy Sabbath to the LORD. So
bake what you want to bake and boil what you want to boil. Save whatever is
left and keep it until morning.’” So they saved it until morning, as Moses
commanded, and it did not stink or get maggots in it.
“Eat it today,” Moses said, “because today is
a Sabbath to the LORD. You will not find any of it on the ground today. Six
days you are to gather it, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, there will not
be any.”
Nevertheless, some of the people went out on
the seventh day to gather it, but they found none.
Then the LORD said to Moses, “How long will
you refuse to keep my commands and my instructions? Bear in mind that the LORD
has given you the Sabbath; that is why on the sixth day he gives you bread for
two days. Everyone is to stay where he is on the seventh day; no-one is to go
out.”
So the people rested
on the seventh day.
The people of Israel called the bread manna.
It was white like coriander seed and tasted like wafers made with honey.
Moses said, “This is what the LORD has
commanded: ‘Take an omer of manna and keep it for the generations to come, so they
can see the bread I gave you to eat in the desert when I brought you out of
Egypt.’”
So Moses said to Aaron, “Take a jar and put an
omer of manna in it. Then place it before the LORD to be kept for the generations
to come.”
As the LORD commanded Moses, Aaron put the
manna in front of the Testimony, that it might be kept.
The Israelites ate manna for forty years,
until they came to a land that was settled; they ate manna until they reached
the border of Canaan. (An omer is one tenth of an ephah.)
CHAPTER 17
The whole Israelite community set out from the
Desert of Sin, travelling from place to place as the LORD commanded. They
camped at Rephidim, but there was no water for the
people to drink. So they quarrelled with Moses and said,
“Give us water to drink.” Moses replied, “Why do you quarrel with me? Why do
you put the LORD to the test?”
But the people were thirsty for water there,
and they grumbled against Moses. They said, “Why did you bring us up out of
Egypt to make us and our children and livestock die of thirst?”
Then Moses cried out
to the LORD, “What am I to do with these people? They are almost ready to stone
me.”
The LORD answered Moses,
“Walk on ahead of the people.
Take with you some of the elders of Israel and
take in your hand the staff with which you struck the Nile, and go. I
will stand there before you by the rock at Horeb. Strike the rock,
and water will come out of it for the people to drink.” So Moses
did this in the sight of the elders of Israel.
And he called the place Massah and Meribah
because the Israelites quarrelled and because they tested the LORD saying, “Is
the LORD among us or not?”
The Amalekites came and attacked the
Israelites at Rephidim. Moses said to Joshua, “Choose some of our men and go
out to fight the Amalekites. Tomorrow I will stand on top of the hill with the
staff of God in my hands.”
So Joshua fought the Amalekites as Moses had
ordered, and Moses, Aaron and Hur went to the top of the hill. As long as Moses
held up his hands, the Israelites were winning, but whenever he lowered his
hands, the Amalekites were winning.
When Moses’ hands grew tired, they took a
stone and put it under him and he sat on it. Aaron and Hur held his hands up —
one on one side, one on the other — so that his hands
remained steady till sunset.
So Joshua overcame the Amalekite army with the
sword.
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Write this on a
scroll as something to be remembered and make sure that Joshua hears it,
because I will completely blot out the memory of
Amalek from under heaven.”
Moses built an altar and called it The LORD is
my Banner. He said, “For hands were lifted up to the throne of the LORD. The
LORD will be at war against the Amalekites from generation to generation.”
CHAPTER 18
Now Jethro, the priest of Midian and
father-in-law of Moses, heard of everything God had done for Moses and for his people
Israel, and how the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt.
After Moses had sent away his wife Zipporah,
his father-inlaw Jethro received her and her two sons. One son was named
Gershom, for Moses said, “I have become an alien in a foreign land”; and the
other was named Eliezer, for he said, “My father’s God was my helper; he saved
me from the sword of Pharaoh.”
Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, together with
Moses’ sons and wife, came to him in the desert, where he was camped near the
mountain of God.
Jethro had sent word to him, “I, your
father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you with your wife and her two sons.” So
Moses went out to meet his father-in-law and bowed down and kissed him. They
greeted each other and then went into the tent.
Moses told his father-in-law about everything
the LORD had done to Pharaoh and the Egyptians for Israel’s sake and about all
the hardships they had met along the way and how
the LORD had saved them. Jethro was delighted to hear about
all the good things the LORD had done for Israel in rescuing them from the hand
of the Egyptians.
He said, “Praise be to the LORD, who rescued
you from the hand of the Egyptians and of Pharaoh, and who rescued the people
from the hand of the Egyptians. Now I know that the LORD is greater than all
other gods, for he did this to those who had treated Israel arrogantly.”
Then Jethro, Moses’
father-in-law, brought a burnt offering and other sacrifices to God, and
Aaron came with all the elders of Israel to eat bread with Moses’ father-in-law in
the presence of God.
The next day Moses took his seat to serve as
judge for the people, and they stood round him from morning till evening. When
his father-in-law saw all that Moses was doing for the people, he said, “What
is this you are doing for the people? Why do you alone sit as judge, while all
these people stand round you from morning till evening?”
Moses answered him, “Because the people come
to me to seek God’s will. Whenever they have a dispute, it is brought to me,
and I decide between the parties and inform them of God’s decrees
and laws.”
Moses’ father-in-law replied, “What you are
doing is not good. You and these people who come to you will only wear yourselves
out. The work is too heavy for you; you cannot handle it alone. Listen now to
me and I will give you some advice, and may God be with you. You must be the
people’s representative before God and bring their disputes to him. Teach them
the decrees and laws, and show them the way to live and the duties they are to
perform. But select capable men from all the people — men who fear God,
trustworthy men who hate dishonest gain — and appoint them as officials over
thousands, hundreds, fifties and tens.
Have them serve as judges for the people at
all times, but have them bring every difficult case to you; the simple cases they
can decide themselves. That will make your load lighter, because they will
share it with you. If you do this and God so commands, you will be able to stand
the strain, and all these people will go home satisfied.”
Moses listened to his father-in-law and did
everything he said. He chose capable men from all Israel and made them leaders of
the people, officials over thousands, hundreds, fifties and tens.
They served as judges for the people at all
times. The difficult cases they brought to Moses, but the simple ones they decided
themselves.
Then Moses sent his father-in-law on his way,
and Jethro returned to his own country.
CHAPTER 19
In the third month after the Israelites left
Egypt — on the very day — they came to the Desert of Sinai. After they set out
from Rephidim, they entered the Desert of Sinai, and Israel camped there in the
desert in front of the mountain.
Then Moses went up to God, and the LORD called
to him from the mountain and said, “This is what you are to say to the house of
Jacob and what you are to tell the people of Israel: ‘You yourselves have seen
what I did to Egypt, and how I carried you on eagles’ wings and brought you to
myself. Now if you obey me fully and
keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession.
Although the whole earth is mine, you will be for me a kingdom of priests and a
holy nation.’ These are the words you are to speak to the Israelites.”
So Moses went back
and summoned the elders of the people and set before them all the
words the LORD had commanded him to speak.
The people all responded together, “We will do
everything the LORD has said.” So Moses brought their answer back to the LORD.
The LORD said to Moses, “I am going to come to
you in a dense cloud, so that the people will hear me speaking with you and
will always put their trust in you.” Then Moses told the LORD what the people
had said.
And the LORD said to Moses, “Go to the people
and consecrate them today and tomorrow. Make them wash their clothes and be
ready by the third day, because on that day the LORD will come down on Mount
Sinai in the sight of all the people.
Put limits for the people around the mountain
and tell them, ‘Be careful that you do not go up the mountain or touch the foot
of it. Whoever touches the mountain shall surely be put to death.
He shall surely be stoned or shot with arrows;
not a hand is to be laid on him. Whether man or animal, he shall not be permitted
to live.’ Only when the ram’s horn sounds a long blast may they go up to the
mountain.”
After Moses had gone down the mountain to the
people, he consecrated them, and they washed their clothes. Then he said to the
people, “Prepare yourselves for the third day. Abstain from sexual relations.”
On the morning of the third day there was
thunder and lightning, with a thick cloud over the mountain, and a very loud
trumpet blast. Everyone in the camp trembled. Then Moses led the people out of
the camp to meet with God, and they stood at the foot of the mountain.
Mount Sinai was
covered with smoke, because the LORD descended on it in fire. The
smoke billowed up from it like
smoke from a furnace, the whole mountain
trembled violently, and the sound of the trumpet grew louder and
louder. Then Moses spoke and the voice of God answered him.
The LORD descended to the top of Mount Sinai
and called Moses to the top of the mountain. So Moses went up and the LORD said
to him, “Go down and warn the people so they do not force their way through to
see the LORD and many of them perish. Even the priests, who approach the LORD,
must consecrate themselves, or the LORD will break out against them.”
Moses said to the LORD, “The people cannot
come up Mount Sinai, because you yourself warned us, ‘Put limits around the
mountain and set it apart as holy.’”
The LORD replied, “Go down and bring Aaron up
with you. But the priests and the people must not force their way through to
come up to the LORD, or he will break out against them.”
So Moses went down to the people and told
them.
CHAPTER 20
And God spoke all these words: “I am the LORD
your God, who brought you out of Egypt,
out of the land of slavery.
1 “You shall have no
other gods before me.
2 “You shall not
make for yourself an idol in the form of anything in heaven above or on the
earth beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship
them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for
the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me,
but showing love to a thousand generations of those who love me and keep my
commandments.
3 “You shall not
misuse the name of the LORD your God, for the LORD will not hold anyone guiltless
who misuses his name.
4 “Remember the
Sabbath day by keeping it holy. Six days you shall labour and do all your work,
but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. On it you shall not do
any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your manservant or
maidservant, nor your animals, nor the alien within your gates. For in six days
the LORD made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but
he rested on the seventh day. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and
made it holy.
5 “Honour your
father and your mother, so that you may live long in the land the LORD your God
is giving you.
6 “You shall not
murder.
7 “You shall not
commit adultery.
8 “You shall not
steal.
9 “You shall not
give false testimony against your neighbor.
10 “You shall not
covet your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his
manservant or maidservant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your
neighbor.”
When the people saw the thunder and lightning
and heard the trumpet and saw the mountain in smoke, they trembled with fear.
They stayed at a distance and said to Moses, “Speak to us yourself and we will
listen. But do not have God speak to us or we will die.”
Moses said to the people, “Do not be afraid.
God has come to test you, so that the fear of God will be with you to keep you
from sinning.”
The people remained at a distance, while Moses
approached the thick darkness where God was.
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Tell the
Israelites this: ‘You have seen for yourselves that I have spoken to you from heaven:
Do not make any gods to be alongside me; do not make for yourselves gods of
silver or gods of gold.
“‘Make an altar of earth for me and sacrifice
on it your burnt offerings and fellowship offerings, your sheep and goats and your
cattle. Wherever I cause my name to be honoured, I will come to you and bless
you. If you make an altar of stones for me, do not build it with dressed
stones, for you will defile it if you use a tool on it. And do not go up to my
altar on steps, lest your nakedness be exposed on it.’
CHAPTER 21
“These are the laws you are to set before
them:
“If you buy a Hebrew servant, he is to serve
you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free, without paying
anything.
If he comes alone, he is to go free alone; but
if he has a wife when he comes, she is to go with him.
If his master gives him a wife and she bears
him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall belong to her master,
and only the man shall go free.
“But if the servant
declares, ‘I love my master and my wife and children and do not want to
go free,’ then his master must take him before the judges. He shall take him to
the door or the door-post and pierce his ear with an awl.
Then he will be his servant for life.
“If a man sells his daughter as a servant, she
is not to go free as menservants do. If she does not please the master who has
selected her for himself, he must let her be redeemed. He has no right to sell her
to foreigners, because he has broken faith with her. If he selects her for his
son, he must grant her the rights of a daughter.
If he marries another woman, he must not
deprive the first one of her food, clothing and marital rights. If he does not
provide her with these three things, she is to go
free, without any payment of money.
“Anyone who strikes a man and kills him shall
surely be put to death. However, if he does not do it intentionally, but God
lets it happen, he is to flee to a place I will designate.
But if a man schemes and kills another man
deliberately, take him away from my altar and put him to death.
“Anyone who attacks his father or his mother
must be put to death.
“Anyone who kidnaps another and either sells
him or still has him when he is caught must be put to death.
“Anyone who curses his father or mother must
be put to death.
“If men quarrel and one hits the other with a
stone or with his fist and he does not die but is confined to bed, the one who
struck the blow will not be held responsible if the other gets up and walks
around outside with his staff; however, he must pay the injured man for the
loss of his time and see that he is completely healed.
“If a man beats his male or female slave with
a rod and the slave dies as a direct result, he must be punished, but he is not
to be punished if the slave gets up after a day or two, since the slave is his
property.
“If men who are fighting hit a pregnant woman
and she gives birth prematurely but there is no serious injury, the offender must
be fined whatever the woman’s husband demands and the court allows. But if
there is serious injury, you are to take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for
tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for
bruise.
“If a man hits a manservant or maidservant in
the eye and destroys it, he must let the servant go free to compensate for the
eye. And if he knocks out the tooth of a manservant or maidservant, he must let
the servant go free to compensate for the tooth.
“If a bull gores a man or a woman to death,
the bull must be stoned to death, and its meat must not be eaten. But the owner
of the bull will not be held responsible. If, however, the bull has had the
habit of goring and the owner has been warned but has not kept it penned up and
it kills a man or woman, the bull must be stoned and the owner also must be put
to death.
However, if payment
is demanded of him, he may redeem his life by paying whatever is demanded. This
law also applies if the bull gores a son or a daughter.
If the bull gores a
male or female slave, the owner must pay thirty shekels of silver to the
master of the slave, and the bull must be stoned.
“If a man uncovers a pit or digs one and fails
to cover it and an ox or a donkey falls into it, the owner of the pit must pay
for the loss; he must pay its owner, and the dead animal will be his.
“If a man’s bull injures the bull of another
and it dies, they are to sell the live one and divide both the money and the
dead animal equally.
However, if it was known that the bull had the
habit of goring, yet the owner did not keep it penned up, the owner must pay,
animal for animal, and the dead animal will be his.
CHAPTER 22
“If a man steals an ox or a sheep and
slaughters it or sells it, he must pay back five head of cattle for the ox and
four sheep for the sheep.
“If a thief is caught breaking in and is
struck so that he dies, the defender is not guilty of bloodshed; but if it
happens after sunrise, he is guilty of bloodshed. “A
thief must certainly make restitution, but if he has
nothing, he
must be sold to pay for his theft.
“If the stolen animal is found alive in his
possession — whether ox or donkey or sheep — he must pay back double.
“If a man grazes his livestock in a field or
vineyard and lets them stray and they graze in another man’s field, he must make
restitution from the best of his own field or vineyard.
“If a fire breaks out and spreads into
thornbushes so that it burns shocks of grain or standing corn or the whole
field, the one who started the fire must make restitution.
“If a man gives his
neighbour silver or goods for safekeeping and they are stolen from the
neighbour’s house, the thief, if he is caught, must pay back
double. But if the thief is not found, the owner of the house must appear
before the judges to determine whether he has laid his hands on
the other man’s property.
In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a
donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any other lost property about which somebody says,
‘This is mine,’ both parties are to bring their cases before the judges. The
one whom the judges declare guilty must pay back double to his neighbour.
“If a man gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep or
any other animal to his neighbour for safekeeping and it dies or is injured or
is taken away while no-one is looking, the issue between them will be settled by
the taking of an oath before the LORD that the neighbour did not lay hands on
the other person’s property. The owner is to accept this, and no restitution is
required.
But if the animal was stolen from the
neighbour, he must make restitution to the owner.
If it was torn to pieces by a wild animal, he
shall bring in the remains as evidence and he will not be required to pay for
the torn animal.
“If a man borrows an animal from his neighbour
and it is injured or dies while the owner is not present, he must make restitution.
But if the owner is with the animal, the borrower will not have to pay. If the
animal was hired, the money paid for the hire covers the loss.
“If a man seduces a virgin who is not pledged
to be married and sleeps with her, he must pay the bride-price, and she shall be
his wife.
If her father
absolutely refuses to give her to him, he must still pay the bride-price
for virgins.
“Do not allow a sorceress to live.
“Anyone who has sexual relations with an
animal must be put to death.
“Whoever sacrifices to any god other than the
LORD must be destroyed.
“Do not ill-treat an alien or oppress him, for
you were aliens in Egypt.
“Do not take advantage of a widow or an
orphan. If you do and they cry out to me, I will certainly hear their cry. My
anger will be aroused, and I will kill you with the sword; your wives will
become widows and your children fatherless.
“If you lend money to one of my people among
you who is needy, do not be like a money-lender; charge him no interest.
If you take your neighbour’s cloak as a
pledge, return it to him by sunset, because his cloak is the only covering he
has for his body. What else will he sleep in? When he cries out to me, I will
hear, for I am compassionate.
“Do not blaspheme God or curse the ruler of
your people.
“Do not hold back offerings from your
granaries or your vats. “You must give me the firstborn of your sons. Do the same with your cattle and your sheep.
Let them stay with their mothers for seven days, but give them to me on the eighth
day.
“You are to be my holy people. So do not eat
the meat of an animal torn by wild beasts; throw it to the dogs.
CHAPTER 23
“Do not spread false reports. Do not help a
wicked man by being a malicious witness.
“Do not follow the crowd in doing wrong. When
you give testimony in a lawsuit, do not pervert justice by siding with the
crowd, and do not show favouritism to a poor man in his lawsuit.
“If you come across your enemy’s ox or donkey
wandering off, be sure to take it back to him.
If you see the donkey of someone who hates you
fallen down under its load, do not leave it there; be sure you help him with
it.
“Do not deny justice to your poor people in
their lawsuits.
Have nothing to do with a false charge and do
not put an innocent or honest person to death, for I will not acquit the guilty.
“Do not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds
those who see and twists the words of the righteous.
“Do not oppress an alien; you yourselves know
how it feels to be aliens, because you were aliens in Egypt.
“For six years you are to sow your fields and
harvest the crops, but during the seventh year let the land lie unploughed and unused.
Then the poor among your people may get food from it, and the wild animals may
eat what they leave. Do the same with your vineyard and your olive grove.
“Six days do your work, but on the seventh day
do not work, so that your ox and your donkey may rest and the slave born in
your household, and the alien as well, may be refreshed.
“Be careful to do
everything I have said to you. Do not invoke the names of other gods;
do not let them be heard on your lips.
“Three times a year you are to celebrate a festival
to me.
“Celebrate the Feast of Unleavened Bread; for
seven days eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you. Do this at the
appointed time in the month of Abib, for in that month you came out of Egypt.
“No-one is to appear before me empty-handed.
“Celebrate the
Feast of Harvest with the firstfruits of the crops you sow in your field.
“Celebrate the Feast of Ingathering at the end
of the year, when you gather in your crops from the field.
“Three times a year all the men are to appear
before the Sovereign LORD.
“Do not offer the blood of a sacrifice to me
along with anything containing yeast. “The fat of my festival offerings must
not be kept until morning.
“Bring the best of the firstfruits of your
soil to the house of the LORD your God.
“Do not cook a young goat in its mother’s
milk.
“See, I am sending an angel ahead of you to
guard you along the way and to bring you to the place I have prepared. Pay
attention to him and listen to what he says. Do not rebel against him; he will
not forgive your rebellion, since my Name is in him. If you listen carefully to
what he says and do all that I say, I will be an enemy to your enemies and will
oppose those who oppose you. My angel will go ahead of you and bring you into
the land of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites and Jebusites,
and I will wipe them out.
Do not bow down
before their gods or worship them or follow their practices. You must
demolish them and break their sacred stones to pieces.
Worship the LORD your God, and his blessing
will be on your food and water. I will take away sickness from among you, and
none will miscarry or be barren in your land. I will give
you a full life span.
“I will send my terror ahead of you and throw
into confusion every nation you encounter. I will make all your enemies turn their
backs and run. I will send the hornet ahead of you to drive the Hivites, Canaanites
and Hittites out of your way.
But I will not drive them out in a single
year, because the land would become desolate and the wild animals too numerous
for you.
Little by little I will drive them out before
you, until you have increased enough to take possession of the land. “I will
establish your borders from the Red Sea to the Sea of the Philistines, and from
the desert to the River. I will hand over to you the people who live in the
land and you will drive them out before you.
Do not make a covenant with them or with their
gods.
Do not let them live in your land, or they
will cause you to sin against me, because the worship of their gods will certainly
be a snare to you.”
CHAPTER 24
Then he said to Moses, “Come up to the LORD,
you and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel. You are to
worship at a distance, but Moses alone is to approach the LORD; the others must
not come near. And the people may not come up with him.”
When Moses went and told the people all the
LORD’s words and laws, they responded with one voice, “Everything the LORD has
said we will do.”
Moses then wrote down everything the LORD had
said. He got up early the next morning and built an altar at the foot of the
mountain and set up twelve stone pillars representing the twelve tribes of
Israel. Then he sent young Israelite men, and they offered burnt offerings and
sacrificed young bulls as fellowship offerings to the LORD. Moses took half of
the blood and put it in bowls, and the other half he sprinkled on the altar.
Then he took the Book of the Covenant and read
it to the people. They responded, “We will do everything the LORD has said; we
will obey.”
Moses then took the blood, sprinkled it on the
people and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with
you in accordance with all these words.”
Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and the
seventy elders of Israel went up and saw the God of Israel. Under his feet was
something like a pavement made of sapphire, clear as the sky itself. But God did not raise his hand against these
leaders of the Israelites; they saw God, and they ate and drank.
The LORD said to Moses, “Come up to me on the
mountain and stay here, and I will give you the tablets of stone, with the law
and commands I have written for their instruction.”
Then Moses set out with Joshua his assistant,
and Moses went up on the mountain of God. He said to the elders, “Wait here for
us until we come back to you. Aaron and Hur are with you, and anyone involved
in a dispute can go to them.”
When Moses went up on the mountain, the cloud
covered it, and the glory of the LORD settled on Mount Sinai. For six days the
cloud covered the mountain, and on the seventh day the LORD called to Moses
from within the cloud.
To the Israelites the glory of the LORD looked
like a consuming fire on top of the mountain.
Then Moses entered the cloud as he went on up
the mountain. And he stayed on the mountain forty days and forty nights.
CHAPTER 25
The LORD said to Moses, “Tell the Israelites
to bring me an offering. You are to receive the offering for me from each man
whose heart prompts him to give.
These are the offerings you are to receive
from them: gold, silver and bronze; blue, purple and scarlet yarn and fine
linen; goat hair; ram skins dyed red and hides of sea cows; acacia wood; olive oil for the light; spices for the
anointing oil and for the fragrant incense; and onyx stones and other gems to
be mounted on the ephod and breastpiece.
“Then have them make a sanctuary for me, and I
will dwell among them. Make this tabernacle and all its furnishings exactly
like the pattern I will show you.
“Have them make a
chest of acacia wood — two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half
wide, and a cubit and a half high. Overlay it with pure gold, both inside and out, and
make a gold moulding around it. Cast four gold rings for it and fasten them to
its four feet, with two rings on one side and two rings on the other. Then make
poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold. Insert the poles into the
rings on the sides of the chest to carry it. The poles are to remain in the
rings of this ark; they are not to be removed.
Then put in the ark the Testimony, which I
will give you.
“Make an atonement cover of pure gold — two
and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide. And make two cherubim out
of hammered gold at the ends of the cover. Make one cherub on one end and the
second cherub on the other; make the cherubim of one piece with the cover, at
the two ends. The cherubim are to have their wings spread upwards, overshadowing
the cover with them. The cherubim are to face each other, looking towards the
cover.
Place the cover on top of the ark and put in
the ark the Testimony, which I will give you.
There, above the cover between the two
cherubim that are over the ark of the Testimony, I will meet with you and give you
all my commands for the Israelites.
“Make a table of acacia wood — two cubits
long, a cubit wide and a cubit and a half high. Overlay it with pure gold and
make a gold moulding around it. Also make around it a rim a handbreadth wide
and put a gold moulding on the rim.
Make four gold rings for the table and fasten
them to the four corners, where the four legs are. The rings are to be close to
the rim to hold the poles used in carrying the table. Make the poles of acacia
wood, overlay them with gold and carry the table with them.
And make its plates and dishes of pure gold,
as well as its pitchers and bowls for the pouring out of offerings.
Put the bread of the Presence on this table to
be before me at all times.
“Make a lampstand of pure gold and hammer it
out, base and shaft; its flowerlike cups, buds and blossoms shall be of one piece
with it. Six branches are to extend from the sides of the lampstand — three on
one side and three on the other. Three cups shaped like almond flowers with
buds and blossoms are to be on one branch, three on the next branch, and the
same for all six branches extending from the lampstand. And on the lampstand
there are to be four cups shaped like almond flowers with buds and blossoms.
One bud shall be under the first pair of
branches extending from the lampstand, a second bud under the second pair, and a
third bud under the third pair — six branches in all. The buds and branches
shall all be of one piece with the lampstand, hammered out of pure gold.
“Then make its seven lamps and set them up on
it so that they light the space in front of it. Its wick trimmers and trays are
to be of pure gold. A talent of pure gold is to be used for the lampstand and
all these accessories.
See that you make them according to the
pattern shown you on the mountain.
CHAPTER 26
“Make the tabernacle with ten curtains of
finely twisted linen and blue, purple and scarlet yarn, with cherubim worked
into them by a skilled craftsman. All the curtains are to be the same size —
twenty-eight cubits long and four cubits wide. Join five of the curtains
together, and do the same with the other five.
Make loops of blue material along the edge of
the end curtain in one set, and do the same with the end curtain in the other set.
Make fifty loops on one curtain and fifty loops on the end
curtain of the other set, with the loops opposite each
other. Then make fifty gold clasps and use them to fasten the curtains together
so that the tabernacle is a unit.
“Make curtains of goat hair for the tent over
the tabernacle — eleven altogether. All eleven curtains are to be the same size
— thirty cubits long and four cubits wide. Join five of the curtains together
into one set and the other six into another set. Fold the sixth curtain double
at the front of the tent.
Make fifty loops along the edge of the end
curtain in one set and also along the edge of the end curtain in the other set.
Then make fifty bronze clasps and put them in the loops to fasten
the tent together as a unit. As for the additional length of the tent curtains,
the half curtain that is left over is to hang down at the rear of the tabernacle.
The tent curtains will be a cubit longer on both sides; what is left will hang
over the sides of the tabernacle so as to cover it.
Make for the tent a covering of ram skins dyed
red, and over that a covering of hides of sea cows.
“Make upright frames of acacia wood for the
tabernacle. Each frame is to be ten cubits long and a cubit and a half wide,
with two projections set parallel to each other. Make all the frames of the
tabernacle in this way.
Make twenty frames for the south side of the
tabernacle and make forty silver bases to go under them — two bases for each
frame, one under each projection. For the other side, the north side of the
tabernacle, make twenty frames and forty silver bases — two under each frame.
Make six frames for the far end, that is, the
west end of the tabernacle, and make two frames for the corners at the far end.
At these two corners they must be double from
the bottom all the way to the top, and fitted into a single ring; both shall be
like that. So there will be eight frames and sixteen silver bases — two
under each frame.
“Also make crossbars of acacia wood: five for
the frames on one side of the tabernacle, five for those on the other side, and
five for the frames on the west, at the far end of the tabernacle.
The centre crossbar is to extend from end to
end at the middle of the frames. Overlay the frames with gold and make gold
rings to hold the crossbars. Also overlay the crossbars with gold.
“Set up the tabernacle according to the plan
shown you on the mountain.
“Make a curtain of blue, purple and scarlet
yarn and finely twisted linen, with cherubim worked into it by a skilled craftsman.
Hang it with gold hooks on four posts of acacia wood overlaid with gold and
standing on four silver bases.
Hang the curtain from the clasps and place the
ark of the Testimony behind the curtain. The curtain will separate the Holy
Place from the Most Holy Place.
Put the atonement cover on the ark of the
Testimony in the Most Holy Place.
Place the table outside the curtain on the
north side of the tabernacle and put the lampstand opposite it on the south side.
“For the entrance to the tent make a curtain
of blue, purple and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen — the work of an embroiderer.
Make gold hooks for this curtain and five
posts of acacia wood overlaid with gold. And cast five bronze bases for them.
CHAPTER 27
“Build an altar of acacia wood, three cubits
high; it is to be square, five cubits long and five cubits wide.
Make a horn at each
of the four corners, so that the horns and the altar are of one piece,
and overlay the altar with bronze.
Make all its utensils of bronze — its pots to
remove the ashes, and its shovels, sprinkling bowls, meat forks and firepans.
Make a grating for it, a bronze network, and
make a bronze ring at each of the four corners of the network. Put it under the
ledge of the altar so that it is halfway up the altar.
Make poles of acacia wood for the altar and
overlay them with bronze. The poles are to be inserted into the rings so they
will be on two sides of the altar when it is carried.
Make the altar hollow, out of boards. It is to
be made just as you were shown on the mountain.
“Make a courtyard for the tabernacle. The
south side shall be a hundred cubits long and is to have curtains of finely
twisted linen, with twenty posts and twenty bronze bases and with silver
hooks and bands on the posts.
The north side shall also be a hundred cubits
long and is to have curtains, with twenty posts and twenty bronze bases and with
silver hooks and bands on the posts.
“The west end of the courtyard shall be fifty
cubits wide and have curtains, with ten posts and ten bases.
On the east end, towards the sunrise, the
courtyard shall also be fifty cubits wide.
Curtains fifteen cubits long are to be on one
side of the entrance, with three posts and three bases, and curtains fifteen
cubits long are to be on the other side, with three posts and three bases.
“For the entrance to
the courtyard, provide a curtain twenty cubits long, of blue, purple and
scarlet yarn and finely twisted
linen — the work of an embroiderer — with four
posts and four bases.
All the posts around the courtyard are to have
silver bands and hooks, and bronze bases.
The courtyard shall be a hundred cubits long
and fifty cubits wide, with curtains of finely twisted linen five cubits high,
and with bronze bases.
All the other articles used in the service of
the tabernacle, whatever their function, including all the tent pegs for it and
those for the courtyard, are to be of bronze.
“Command the Israelites to bring you clear oil
of pressed olives for the light so that the lamps may be kept burning.
In the Tent of Meeting, outside the curtain
that is in front of the Testimony, Aaron and his sons are to keep the lamps burning
before the LORD from evening till morning. This is to be a lasting ordinance
among the Israelites for the generations to come.
CHAPTER 28
“Have Aaron your brother brought to you from
among the Israelites, with his sons Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, so
that they may serve me as priests.
Make sacred garments for your brother Aaron,
to give him dignity and honour.
Tell all the skilled men to whom I have given
wisdom in such matters that they are to make garments for Aaron, for his consecration,
so that he may serve me as priest.
These are the garments they are to make: a
breastpiece, an ephod, a robe, a woven tunic, a turban and a sash. They are to
make these sacred garments for your brother Aaron and his sons, so that they
may serve me as priests.
Make them use gold, and blue, purple and
scarlet yarn, and fine linen. “Make the ephod of gold, and of blue, purple and
scarlet yarn, and of finely twisted linen — the work of a skilled craftsman. It
is to have two shoulder pieces attached to two of its corners, so that it can
be fastened. Its skilfully woven waistband is to be like it — of one piece with
the ephod and made with gold, and with blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and with
finely twisted linen.
“Take two onyx stones and engrave on them the
names of the sons of Israel in the order of their birth — six names on one
stone and the remaining six on the other.
Engrave the names of the sons of Israel on the
two stones the way a gem cutter engraves a seal. Then mount the stones in gold
filigree settings and fasten them on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial
stones for the sons of Israel. Aaron is to bear the names on his shoulders as a
memorial before the LORD.
Make gold filigree settings and two braided
chains of pure gold, like a rope, and attach the chains to the settings.
“Fashion a breastpiece for making decisions —
the work of a skilled craftsman. Make it like the ephod: of gold, and of blue,
purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely twisted linen. It is to be square — a
span long and a span wide — and folded double. Then mount four rows of precious
stones on it. In the first row there shall be a ruby, a topaz and a beryl; in
the second row a turquoise, a sapphire and an emerald; in the third row a
jacinth, an agate and an amethyst; in the fourth row a chrysolite, an onyx and
a jasper. Mount them in gold filigree settings.
There are to be twelve stones, one for each of
the names of the sons of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one
of the twelve tribes.
“For the breastpiece make braided chains of
pure gold, like a rope. Make two gold rings for it and fasten them to two
corners of the breastpiece. Fasten the two gold chains to the rings at the
corners of the breastpiece, and the other ends of the chains to the two
settings, attaching them to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front. Make
two gold rings and attach them to the other two corners of the breastpiece on
the inside edge next to the ephod.
Make two more gold rings and attach them to
the bottom of the shoulder pieces on the front of the ephod, close to the seam
just above the waistband of the ephod. The rings of the breastpiece are to be
tied to the rings of the ephod with blue cord, connecting it to the waistband,
so that the breastpiece will not swing out from the ephod.
“Whenever Aaron enters the Holy Place, he will
bear the names of the sons of Israel over his heart on the breastpiece of
decision as a continuing memorial before the LORD.
Also put the Urim and the Thummim in the
breastpiece, so they may be over Aaron’s heart whenever he enters the presence
of the LORD. Thus Aaron will always bear the means of making decisions for the
Israelites over his heart before the LORD.
“Make the robe of
the ephod entirely of blue cloth, with an opening for the head in its centre.
There shall be a woven edge like a collar around this opening, so that it will not
tear.
Make pomegranates of blue, purple and scarlet
yarn around the hem of the robe, with gold bells between them. The gold bells
and the pomegranates are to alternate around the hem of the robe.
Aaron must wear it when he ministers. The
sound of the bells will be heard when he enters the Holy Place before the LORD
and when he comes out, so that he will not die.
“Make a plate of pure gold and engrave on it
as on a seal: HOLY TO THE LORD.
Fasten a blue cord to it to attach it to the
turban; it is to be on the front of the turban.
It will be on Aaron’s forehead, and he will
bear the guilt involved in the sacred gifts the Israelites consecrate, whatever
their gifts may be. It will be on Aaron’s forehead continually
so that they will be acceptable to the LORD.
“Weave the tunic of fine linen and make the
turban of fine linen. The sash is to be the work of an embroiderer.
Make tunics, sashes and headbands for Aaron’s
sons, to give them dignity and honour. After you put these clothes on your
brother Aaron and his sons, anoint and ordain them. Consecrate them so they may
serve me as priests.
“Make linen undergarments as a covering for
the body, reaching from the waist to the thigh.
Aaron and his sons must wear them whenever
they enter the Tent of Meeting or approach the altar to minister in the Holy Place,
so that they will not incur guilt and die. “This is to be a lasting ordinance
for Aaron and his descendants.
CHAPTER 29
“This is what you are to do to consecrate
them, so that they may serve me as priests: Take a young bull and two rams without
defect. And from fine wheat flour, without yeast, make bread, and cakes mixed
with oil, and wafers spread with oil. Put them in a basket and present them in
it — along with the bull and the two rams. Then bring Aaron and his sons to the
entrance to the Tent of Meeting and wash them with water.
Take the garments and dress Aaron with the
tunic, the robe of the ephod, the ephod itself and the breastpiece. Fasten the ephod
on him by its skilfully woven waistband. Put the turban on his head and attach
the sacred diadem to the turban.
Take the anointing oil and anoint him by
pouring it on his head.
Bring his sons and dress them in tunics and
put headbands on them. Then tie sashes on Aaron and his sons. The priesthood is
theirs by a lasting ordinance. In this way you shall ordain Aaron and his sons.
“Bring the bull to the front of the Tent of
Meeting, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on its head.
Slaughter it in the LORD’s presence at the
entrance to the Tent of Meeting. Take some of the bull’s blood and put it on
the horns of the altar with your finger, and pour out the rest of it at the
base of the altar.
Then take all the fat around the inner parts,
the covering of the liver, and both kidneys with the fat on them, and burn them
on the altar.
But burn the bull’s
flesh and its hide and its offal outside the camp. It is a sin offering.
“Take one of the rams, and Aaron and his sons
shall lay their hands on its head.
Slaughter it and take the blood and sprinkle
it against the altar on all sides. Cut the ram into pieces and wash the inner
parts and the legs, putting them with the head and the other pieces.
Then burn the entire ram on the altar. It is a
burnt offering to the LORD, a pleasing aroma, an offering made to the LORD by
fire.
“Take the other ram, and Aaron and his sons
shall lay their hands on its head.
Slaughter it, take some of its blood and put
it on the lobes of the right ears of Aaron and his sons, on the thumbs of their
right hands, and on the big toes of their right feet. Then sprinkle blood
against the altar on all sides. And take some of the blood on the altar and
some of the anointing oil and sprinkle it on Aaron and his garments and on his
sons and their garments. Then he and his sons and their garments will be
consecrated.
“Take from this ram the fat, the fat tail, the
fat around the inner parts, the covering of the liver, both kidneys with the
fat on them, and the right thigh. (This is the ram for the ordination.)
From the basket of bread made without yeast,
which is before the LORD, take a loaf, and a cake made with oil, and a wafer.
Put all these in the hands of Aaron and his sons and wave
them before the LORD as a wave offering.
Then take them from their hands and burn them
on the altar along with the burnt offering for a pleasing aroma to the LORD, an
offering made to the LORD by fire.
After you take the
breast of the ram for Aaron’s ordination, wave it before the LORD as a
wave offering, and it will be
your share.
“Consecrate those parts of the ordination ram
that belong to Aaron and his sons: the breast that was waved and the thigh that
was presented. This is always to be the regular share from the Israelites for Aaron
and his sons. It is the contribution the Israelites are to make to the LORD
from their fellowship offerings.
“Aaron’s sacred garments will belong to his
descendants so that they can be anointed and ordained in them.
The son who succeeds him as priest and comes
to the Tent of Meeting to minister in the Holy Place is to wear them seven days.
“Take the ram for the ordination and cook the
meat in a sacred place.
At the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, Aaron
and his sons are to eat the meat of the ram and the bread that is in the basket.
They are to eat these offerings by which atonement was made for their
ordination and consecration. But no-one else may eat them, because they are
sacred. And if any of the meat of the ordination ram or any bread is left over
till morning, burn it up. It must not be eaten, because it is sacred.
“Do for Aaron and his sons everything I have
commanded you, taking seven days to ordain them. Sacrifice a bull each day as a
sin offering to make atonement. Purify the altar by making atonement for it,
and anoint it to consecrate it.
For seven days make atonement for the altar
and consecrate it. Then the altar will be most holy, and whatever touches it will
be holy.
“This is what you
are to offer on the altar regularly each day: two lambs a year old.
Offer one in the morning and the other at twilight.
With the first lamb offer a tenth of an ephah
of fine flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of oil from pressed olives, and a quarter
of a hin of wine as a drink offering.
Sacrifice the other lamb at twilight with the
same grain offering and its drink offering as in the morning — a pleasing aroma,
an offering made to the LORD by fire.
“For the generations to come this burnt
offering is to be made regularly at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting before
the LORD. There I will meet you and speak to you; there also I will meet with
the Israelites, and the place will be consecrated by my glory.
“So I will consecrate the Tent of Meeting and
the altar and will consecrate Aaron and his sons to serve me as priests.
Then I will dwell among the Israelites and be
their God. They will know that I am the LORD their God, who brought them out of
Egypt so that I might dwell among them. I am the LORD their God.
CHAPTER 30
“Make an altar of acacia wood for burning
incense.
It is to be square, a cubit long and a cubit
wide, and two cubits high — its horns of one piece with it. Overlay the top and
all the sides and the horns with pure gold, and make a gold moulding around it.
Make two gold rings for the altar below the moulding — two on opposite sides —
to hold the poles used to carry it. Make the poles of acacia wood and overlay
them with gold.
Put the altar in
front of the curtain that is before the ark of the Testimony — before
the atonement cover that is over the Testimony — where I will meet
with you.
“Aaron must burn fragrant incense on the altar
every morning when he tends the lamps. He must burn incense again when he
lights the lamps at twilight so that incense will burn regularly before the
LORD for the generations to come.
Do not offer on this altar any other incense
or any burnt offering or grain offering, and do not pour a drink offering on it.
Once a year Aaron shall make atonement on its
horns. This annual atonement must be made with the blood of the atoning sin
offering for the generations to come. It is most holy to the LORD.”
Then the LORD said to Moses, “When you take a
census of the Israelites to count them, each
one must pay the LORD a ransom for his life at the time he
is counted. Then no plague will come on them when you number them. Each one who
crosses over to those already counted is to
give a half shekel, according to the sanctuary shekel,
which weighs twenty gerahs. This half shekel is an offering to the LORD. All
who cross over, those twenty years old or more, are to give an offering to the
LORD.
The rich are not to give more than a half
shekel and the poor are not to give less when you make the offering to the LORD
to atone for your lives.
Receive the atonement money from the
Israelites and use it for the service of the Tent of Meeting. It will be a
memorial for the Israelites before the LORD, making atonement for your lives.”
Then the LORD said
to Moses, “Make a bronze basin, with its bronze stand, for washing. Place it
between the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and put water in
it.
Aaron and his sons are to wash their hands and
feet with water from it. Whenever they enter the Tent of Meeting, they shall
wash with water so that they will not die. Also, when they approach the altar
to minister by presenting an offering made to the LORD by fire, they shall wash
their hands and feet so that they will not die. This is to be a lasting
ordinance for Aaron and his descendants for the generations to come.”
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Take the
following fine spices: 500 shekels of liquid myrrh, half as much (that is, 250
shekels) of fragrant cinnamon, 250 shekels of fragrant cane, 500 shekels of
cassia — all according to the sanctuary shekel — and a hin of olive oil.
Make these into a sacred anointing oil, a
fragrant blend, the work of a perfumer. It will be the sacred anointing oil.
Then use it to anoint the Tent of Meeting, the
ark of the Testimony, the table and all its articles, the lampstand and its
accessories, the altar of incense, the
altar of burnt offering and all its utensils, and the basin with its stand.
You shall consecrate them so they will be most
holy, and whatever touches them will be holy.
“Anoint Aaron and his sons and consecrate them
so they may serve me as priests.
Say to the
Israelites, ‘This is to be my sacred anointing oil for the
generations to come.
Do not pour it on men’s bodies and do not make
any oil with the same formula. It is sacred, and you are to consider it sacred.
Whoever makes perfume like it and whoever puts it on anyone other than a priest
must be cut off from his people.’”
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Take fragrant
spices — gum resin, onycha and galbanum — and pure frankincense, all in equal
amounts, and make a fragrant blend of incense, the work of a perfumer. It is to
be salted and pure and sacred.
Grind some of it to powder and place it in
front of the Testimony in the Tent of Meeting, where I will meet with you. It
shall be most holy to you.
Do not make any incense with this formula for
yourselves; consider it holy to the LORD.
Whoever makes any
like it to enjoy its fragrance must be cut off from his people.”
CHAPTER 31
Then the LORD said to Moses,
“See I have chosen Bezalel son of Uri, the son
of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, and I have filled him with the Spirit of God,
with skill, ability and knowledge in all kinds of crafts — to make artistic
designs for work in gold, silver and bronze, to cut and set stones, to work in
wood, and to engage in all kinds of craftsmanship.
Moreover, I have
appointed Oholiab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, to help him.
Also I have given skill to all the craftsmen to make everything I
have commanded you: the Tent of Meeting, the ark of the Testimony with the atonement
cover on it, and all the other furnishings of the tent — the
table and its articles, the pure gold lampstand and all its accessories,
the altar of incense, the altar of burnt offering and all its utensils, the
basin with its stand — and also the woven garments, both the sacred
garments for Aaron the priest and the garments for his sons when they serve as
priests, and the anointing oil and fragrant incense for the Holy Place. They are
to make them just as I commanded you.”
Then the LORD said to Moses,
“Say to the Israelites, ‘You must observe my
Sabbaths. This will be a sign between me and you for the generations to come,
so that you may know that I am the LORD, who makes you holy.
“‘Observe the Sabbath, because it is holy to
you. Anyone who desecrates it must be put to death; whoever does any work on
that day must be cut off from his people. For six days, work is to be done, but
the seventh day is a Sabbath of rest, holy to the LORD. Whoever does any work on
the Sabbath day must be put to death.
The Israelites are to observe the Sabbath,
celebrating it for the generations to come as a lasting covenant. It will be a
sign between me and the Israelites for ever, for in six days the LORD made the
heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day he abstained from work and
rested.’”
When the LORD
finished speaking to Moses on Mount Sinai, he gave him the two tablets of
the Testimony, the tablets of
stone inscribed by the finger of God.
CHAPTER 32
When the people saw that Moses was so long in
coming down from the mountain, they gathered round Aaron and said, “Come, make
us gods who will go before us. As for this fellow Moses who brought us up out
of Egypt, we don’t know what has happened to him.”
Aaron answered them, “Take off the gold
ear-rings that your wives, your sons and your daughters are wearing, and bring them
to me.”
So all the people took off their ear-rings and
brought them to Aaron. He took what they handed him and made it into an idol
cast in the shape of a calf, fashioning it with a tool. Then they said, “These
are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt.”
When Aaron saw this, he built an altar in
front of the calf and announced, “Tomorrow there will be a festival to the LORD.”
So the next day the people rose early and
sacrificed burnt offerings and presented fellowship offerings. Afterwards they sat
down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in revelry.
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go down, because
your people, whom you brought up out of Egypt, have become corrupt. They have
been quick to turn away from what I commanded them and have made themselves an
idol cast in the shape of a calf. They have bowed down to it and sacrificed to
it and have said, ‘These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of
Egypt.’
“I have seen these
people,” the LORD said to Moses, “and they are a stiff-necked people.
Now leave me alone so that my anger may burn
against them and that I may destroy them. Then I will make you into a great
nation.”
But Moses sought the favour of the LORD his
God. “O LORD,” he said, “why should your anger burn against your people, whom
you brought out of Egypt with great power and a mighty hand? Why should the
Egyptians say, ‘It was with evil intent that he brought them out, to kill them
in the mountains and to wipe them off the face of the earth’? Turn from your
fierce anger;
relent and do not bring disaster on your people.
Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac and
Israel, to whom you swore by your own self: ‘I will make your descendants as numerous
as the stars in the sky and I will give your descendants all this land I promised
them, and it will be their inheritance for ever.’”
Then the LORD relented and did not bring on
his people the disaster he had threatened.
Moses turned and went down the mountain with
the two tablets of the Testimony in his hands. They were inscribed on both
sides, front and back. The tablets were the work of God; the writing was the writing
of God, engraved on the tablets.
When Joshua heard the noise of the people
shouting, he said to Moses, “There is the sound of war in the camp.”
Moses replied: “It is not the sound of
victory, it is not the sound of defeat; it is the sound of singing that I
hear.”
When Moses approached the camp and saw the
calf and the dancing, his anger burned and he threw the tablets out of his hands,
breaking them to pieces at the foot of the mountain.
And he took the calf
they had made and burned it in the fire; then he ground it to powder,
scattered it on the water and
made the Israelites drink it.
He said to Aaron, “What did these people do to
you, that you led them into such great sin?”
“Do not be angry, my lord,” Aaron answered.
“You know how prone these people are to evil. They said to me, ‘Make us gods
who will go before us. As for this fellow Moses who brought us up out of Egypt,
we don’t know what has happened to him.’ So I told them, ‘Whoever has any gold
jewellery, take it off.’ Then they gave me the gold, and I threw it into the
fire, and out came this calf!”
Moses saw that the people were running wild
and that Aaron had let them get out of control and so become a laughingstock to
their enemies. So he stood at the entrance to the camp and said, “Whoever is
for the LORD, come to me.” And all the Levites rallied to him.
Then he said to them, “This is what the LORD,
the God of Israel, says: ‘Each man strap a sword to his side. Go back and forth
through the camp from one end to the other, each
killing his brother and friend and neighbour.’”
The Levites did as Moses commanded, and that
day about three thousand of the people died.
Then Moses said, “You have been set apart to
the LORD today, for you were against your own sons and brothers, and he has
blessed you this day.”
The next day Moses said to the people, “You
have committed a great sin. But now I will go up to the LORD; perhaps I can
make atonement for your sin.”
So Moses went back
to the LORD and said, “Oh, what a great sin these people have
committed! They have made themselves gods of gold. But now, please forgive their sin
— but if not, then blot me out of the book you have written.”
The LORD replied to Moses, “Whoever has sinned
against me I will blot out of my book. Now go, lead the people to the place I
spoke of, and my angel will go before you. However, when the time comes for me
to punish, I will punish them for their sin.”
And the LORD struck the people with a plague
because of what they did with the calf Aaron had made.
CHAPTER 33
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Leave this
place, you and the people you brought up out of Egypt, and go up to the land I
promised on oath to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, saying, ‘I will give it to your
descendants.’
I will send an angel before you and drive out
the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites. Go up to
the land flowing with milk and honey. But I will not go with you, because you
are a stiff-necked people and I might destroy you on the way.”
When the people heard these distressing words,
they began to mourn and no-one put on any ornaments. For the LORD had said to
Moses, “Tell the Israelites, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. If I were to go
with you even for a moment, I might destroy you. Now take off your ornaments
and I will decide what to do with you.’”
So the Israelites stripped off their ornaments
at Mount Horeb.
Now Moses used to
take a tent and pitch it outside the camp some distance away, calling it
the “tent of meeting”. Anyone
enquiring of the LORD would go to the tent of
meeting outside the camp. And whenever Moses went out to the tent,
all the people rose and stood at the entrances to their tents, watching Moses until he
entered the tent.
As Moses went into the tent, the pillar of
cloud would come down and stay at the entrance, while the LORD spoke with Moses.
Whenever the people saw the pillar of cloud
standing at the entrance to the tent, they all stood and worshipped, each at the
entrance to his tent.
The LORD would speak to Moses face to face, as
a man speaks with his friend. Then Moses would return to the camp, but his
young assistant Joshua son of Nun did not leave the tent.
Moses said to the LORD, “You have been telling
me, ‘Lead these people,’ but you have not let me know whom you will send with
me. You have said, ‘I know you by name and you have found favour with me.’ If
you are pleased with me, teach me your ways so I may know you and continue to
find favour with you. Remember that this nation is your people.”
The LORD replied, “My Presence will go with
you, and I will give you rest.”
Then Moses said to him, “If your Presence does
not go with us, do not send us up from here.
How will anyone know that you are pleased with
me and with your people unless you go with us? What else will distinguish me
and your people from all the other people on the face of the earth?”
And the LORD said to
Moses, “I will do the very thing you have asked, because I am pleased
with you and I know you by name.”
Then Moses said, “Now show me your glory.”
And the LORD said, “I will cause all my
goodness to pass in front of you, and I will proclaim my name, the LORD, in your
presence. I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have
compassion on whom I will have compassion. But,” he said, “you cannot see my face, for
no-one may see me and live.”
Then the LORD said, “There is a place near me
where you may stand on a rock. When my glory passes by, I will put you in a
cleft in the rock and cover you with my hand until I have passed by. Then I
will remove my hand and you will see my back; but my face must not be seen.”
CHAPTER 34
The LORD said to Moses, “Chisel out two stone
tablets like the first ones, and I will write on them the words that were on
the first tablets, which you broke. Be ready in the morning, and then come up
on Mount Sinai. Present yourself to me there on top of the mountain.
No-one is to come with you or be seen anywhere
on the mountain; not even the flocks and herds may graze in front of the
mountain.”
So Moses chiselled out two stone tablets like
the first ones and went up Mount Sinai early in the morning, as the LORD had
commanded him; and he carried the two stone tablets in his hands.
Then the LORD came
down in the cloud and stood there with him and proclaimed his
name, the LORD. And he passed in front of Moses, proclaiming, “The LORD, the
LORD, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in love
and faithfulness, maintaining love to thousands, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion
and sin. Yet he does not leave the guilty
unpunished; he punishes the children and their children for
the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation.”
Moses bowed to the ground at once and
worshipped. “O Lord, if I have found favour in your eyes,” he said, “then let
the Lord go with us. Although this is a stiff-necked people, forgive our
wickedness and our sin, and take us as your inheritance.”
Then the LORD said: “I am making a covenant
with you. Before all your people I will do wonders never before done in any
nation in all the world. The people you live among will see how awesome is the
work that I, the LORD, will do for you.
Obey what I command you today. I will drive
out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites.
Be careful not to make a treaty with those who
live in the land where you are going, or they will be a snare among you. Break
down their altars, smash their sacred stones and cut down their Asherah poles.
Do not worship any other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous
God.
“Be careful not to make a treaty with those
who live in the land; for when they prostitute themselves to their gods and sacrifice
to them, they will invite you and you will eat their sacrifices. And when you
choose some of their daughters as wives for your sons and those daughters prostitute
themselves to their gods, they will lead your sons to do the same.
“Do not make cast idols.
“Celebrate the Feast of Unleavened Bread. For
seven days eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you. Do this at the
appointed time in the month of Abib, for in that month you came out of Egypt.
“The first offspring of every womb belongs to
me, including all the firstborn males of your livestock, whether from herd or flock.
Redeem the firstborn donkey with a lamb,
but if you do not redeem it, break its neck. Redeem all your firstborn sons. “No-one
is to appear before me empty-handed.
“Six days you shall labour, but on the seventh
day you shall rest; even during the ploughing season and harvest you must rest.
“Celebrate the Feast of Weeks with the
firstfruits of the wheat harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering at the turn of
the year.
Three times a year all your men are to appear
before the Sovereign LORD, the God of Israel.
I will drive out nations before you and
enlarge your territory, and no-one will covet your land when you go up three
times each year to appear before the LORD your God.
“Do not offer the blood of a sacrifice to me
along with anything containing yeast, and do not let any of the sacrifice from
the Passover Feast remain until morning.
“Bring the best of the firstfruits of your
soil to the house of the LORD your God. “Do not cook a young goat in its mother’s
milk.”
Then the LORD said
to Moses, “Write down these words, for in accordance with these
words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.”
Moses was there with the LORD forty days and
forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. And he wrote on the tablets
the words of the covenant — the Ten Commandments.
When Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the
two tablets of the Testimony in his hands, he was not aware that his face was
radiant because he had spoken with the LORD.
When Aaron and all the Israelites saw Moses,
his face was radiant, and they were afraid to come near him. But Moses called to
them; so Aaron and all the leaders of the community came back to him, and he
spoke to them. Afterwards all the Israelites came near him, and he gave them
all the commands the LORD had given him on Mount Sinai.
When Moses finished speaking to them, he put a
veil over his face.
But whenever he entered the LORD’s presence to
speak with him, he removed the veil until he came out. And when he came out and
told the Israelites what he had been commanded, they saw that his face was
radiant. Then Moses would put the veil back over his face until he went in to speak
with the LORD.
CHAPTER 35
Moses assembled the whole Israelite community
and said to them, “These are the things the LORD has commanded you to do:
For six days, work
is to be done, but the seventh day shall be your holy day, a Sabbath of rest
to the LORD. Whoever does any work on it must be put to death.
Do not light a fire in any of your dwellings
on the Sabbath day.”
Moses said to the whole Israelite community,
“This is what the LORD has commanded:
From what you have, take an offering for the
LORD. Everyone who is willing is to bring to the LORD an offering of gold,
silver and bronze; blue, purple and scarlet yarn and fine linen; goat hair; ram
skins dyed red and hides of sea cows; acacia wood; olive oil for the light;
spices for the anointing oil and for the fragrant incense; and onyx stones and
other gems to be mounted on the ephod and breastpiece.
“All who are skilled among you are to come and
make everything the LORD has commanded:
the tabernacle with its tent and its covering,
clasps, frames, crossbars, posts and bases; the ark with its poles and the
atonement cover and the curtain that shields it; the table with its poles and
all its articles and the bread of the Presence; the lampstand that is for light
with its accessories, lamps and oil for the light; the altar of incense with
its poles, the anointing oil and the fragrant incense; the curtain for the
doorway at the entrance to the tabernacle; the altar of burnt offering with its
bronze grating, its poles and all its utensils; the bronze basin with its
stand; the curtains of the courtyard with its posts and bases, and the curtain
for the entrance to the courtyard; the
tent pegs for the tabernacle and for the courtyard, and their ropes; the woven
garments worn for ministering in the sanctuary — both the sacred garments for
Aaron the priest and the garments for his sons when they serve as priests.”
Then the whole Israelite community withdrew
from Moses’ presence, and everyone who was willing and whose heart moved him came
and brought an offering to the LORD for the work on
the Tent of Meeting, for all its service, and for the
sacred garments.
All who were willing, men and women alike,
came and brought gold jewellery of all kinds: brooches, ear-rings, rings and
ornaments. They all presented their gold as a wave offering to the LORD.
Everyone who had blue, purple or scarlet yarn
or fine linen, or goat hair, ram skins dyed red or hides of sea cows brought them.
Those presenting an offering of silver or
bronze brought it as an offering to the LORD, and everyone who had acacia wood for
any part of the work brought it.
Every skilled woman spun with her hands and
brought what she had spun — blue, purple or scarlet yarn or fine linen. And all
the women who were willing and had the skill spun the goat hair.
The leaders brought onyx stones and other gems
to be mounted on the ephod and breastpiece. They also brought spices and olive
oil for the light and for the anointing oil and for the fragrant incense.
All the Israelite
men and women who were willing brought to the LORD freewill offerings for
all the work the LORD through Moses had commanded them to do.
Then Moses said to the Israelites, “See, the
LORD has chosen Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, and
he has filled him with the Spirit of God, with skill, ability and knowledge in
all kinds of crafts — to make artistic designs for work in gold, silver and
bronze, to cut and set stones, to work
in wood and to engage in all kinds of artistic craftsmanship.
And he has given both him and Oholiab son of
Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, the ability to teach others. He has filled them
with skill to do all kinds of work as craftsmen, designers, embroiderers in
blue, purple and scarlet yarn and fine linen, and weavers — all of them master craftsmen
and designers.
CHAPTER 36
So Bezalel, Oholiab and every skilled person
to whom the LORD has given skill and ability to know how to carry out all the
work of constructing the sanctuary are to do the work just as the LORD has
commanded.”
Then Moses summoned Bezalel and Oholiab and
every skilled person to whom the LORD had given ability and who was willing to
come and do the work. They received from Moses all the offerings the Israelites
had brought to carry out the work of constructing the sanctuary. And the people
continued to bring freewill offerings morning after morning. So all the skilled
craftsmen who were doing all the work on the sanctuary left their work and said
to Moses, “The people are bringing more than enough for doing the work the LORD
commanded to be done.”
Then Moses gave an order and they sent this
word throughout the camp: “No man or woman is to make anything else as an
offering for the sanctuary.” And so the people were restrained from bringing
more, because what they already had was more than enough to do all the work.
All the skilled men among the workmen made the
tabernacle with ten curtains of finely twisted linen and blue, purple and scarlet
yarn, with cherubim worked into them by a skilled craftsman.
All the curtains were the same size —
twenty-eight cubits long and four cubits wide. They joined five of the curtains
together and did the same with the other five.
Then they made loops of blue material along
the edge of the end curtain in one set, and the same was done with the end curtain
in the other set. They also made fifty loops on one curtain and fifty loops on the
end curtain of the other set, with the loops opposite each other. Then they
made fifty gold clasps and used them to fasten the two sets of curtains
together so that the tabernacle was a unit.
They made curtains of goat hair for the tent
over the tabernacle — eleven altogether. All eleven curtains were the same size
— thirty cubits long and four cubits wide. They joined five of the curtains
into one set and the other six into another set.
Then they made fifty
loops along the edge of the end curtain in one set and also along the
edge of the end curtain in the
other set. They made fifty bronze clasps to
fasten the tent together as a
unit.
Then they made for the tent a covering of ram
skins dyed red, and over that a covering of hides of sea cows.
They made upright frames of acacia wood for
the tabernacle. Each frame was ten cubits long and a cubit and a half wide,
with two projections set parallel to each other. They made all the frames of
the tabernacle in this way. They made twenty frames for the south side of the tabernacle
and made forty silver bases to go under them — two bases for each frame, one
under each projection. For the other side, the north side of the tabernacle,
they made
twenty frames and forty silver bases — two under each
frame. They made six frames for the far end, that is, the west end of the
tabernacle, and two frames were made for the corners of the tabernacle at the
far end.
At these two corners the frames were double from
the bottom all the way to the top and fitted into a single ring; both were made
alike. So there were eight frames and sixteen silver bases — two under each
frame.
They also made crossbars of acacia wood: five
for the frames on one side of the tabernacle, five for those on the other side,
and five for the frames on the west, at the far end of the tabernacle.
They made the centre
crossbar so that it extended from end to end at the middle of the
frames. They overlaid the frames with gold and made gold rings to hold the
crossbars. They also overlaid the crossbars with gold.
They made the curtain of blue, purple and
scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen, with cherubim worked into it by a
skilled craftsman.
They made four posts of acacia wood for it and
overlaid them with gold. They made gold hooks for them and cast their four silver
bases.
For the entrance to the tent they made a
curtain of blue, purple and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen — the work of
an embroiderer; and they made five posts with hooks for them. They overlaid the
tops of the posts and their bands with gold and made their five bases of
bronze.
CHAPTER 37
Bezalel made the ark of acacia wood — two and
a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, and a cubit and a half high. He
overlaid it with pure gold, both inside and out, and made a gold moulding
around it. He cast four gold rings for it and fastened them to its four feet,
with two rings on one side and two rings on the other. Then he made poles of
acacia wood and overlaid them with gold. And he inserted the poles into the
rings on the sides of the ark to carry it.
He made the atonement cover of pure gold — two
and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide.
Then he made two
cherubim out of hammered gold at the ends of the cover. He made one
cherub on one end and the second cherub on the other; at the two ends he
made them of one piece with the
cover. The cherubim had their wings spread
upwards, overshadowing the cover with them. The cherubim faced each other,
looking towards the cover.
They made the table of acacia wood — two
cubits long, a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high. Then they overlaid it
with pure gold and made a gold moulding around it.
They also made around it a rim a handbreadth
wide and put a gold moulding on the rim. They cast four gold rings for the
table and fastened them to the four corners, where the four legs were.
The rings were put close to the rim to hold
the poles used in carrying the table. The poles for carrying the table were
made of acacia wood and were overlaid with gold.
And they made from pure gold the articles for
the table — its plates and dishes and bowls and its pitchers for the pouring out
of drink offerings.
They made the lampstand of pure gold and
hammered it out, base and shaft; its flowerlike cups, buds and blossoms were of
one piece with it. Six branches extended from the sides of the lampstand — three
on one side and three on the other. Three cups shaped like almond flowers with
buds and blossoms were on one branch, three on the next branch and the same for
all six branches extending from the lampstand.
And on the lampstand
were four cups shaped like almond flowers with buds and blossoms.
One bud was under the first pair of branches extending from the
lampstand, a second bud under the second pair, and a third
bud under the third pair — six branches in all. The buds and the branches were
all of one piece with the lampstand, hammered out of pure gold.
They made its seven lamps, as well as its wick
trimmers and trays, of pure gold. They made the lampstand and all its
accessories from one talent of pure gold.
They made the altar of incense out of acacia
wood. It was square, a cubit long and a cubit wide, and two cubits high — its
horns of one piece with it. They overlaid the top and all the sides and the
horns with pure gold, and made a gold moulding around it.
They made two gold rings below the moulding —
two on opposite sides — to hold the poles used to carry it. They made the poles
of acacia wood and overlaid them with gold.
They also made the sacred anointing oil and
the pure, fragrant incense — the work of a perfumer.
CHAPTER 38
They built the altar of burnt offering of
acacia wood, three cubits high; it was square, five cubits long and five cubits
wide.
They made a horn at each of the four corners,
so that the horns and the altar were of one piece, and they overlaid the altar
with bronze.
They made all its
utensils of bronze — its pots, shovels, sprinkling bowls, meat forks and
firepans.
They made a grating for the altar, a bronze
network, to be under its ledge, halfway up the altar.
They cast bronze rings to hold the poles for
the four corners of the bronze grating. They made the poles of acacia wood and
overlaid them with bronze. They inserted the poles into the rings so they would
be on the sides of the altar for carrying it. They made it hollow, out of boards.
They made the bronze basin and its bronze
stand from the mirrors of the women who served at the entrance to the Tent of
Meeting.
Next they made the courtyard. The south side
was a hundred cubits long and had curtains of finely twisted linen, with twenty
posts and twenty bronze bases, and with silver
hooks and bands on the posts. The north side was also a
hundred cubits long and had twenty
posts and twenty bronze bases, with silver hooks and bands on
the posts.
The west end was fifty cubits wide and had
curtains, with ten posts and ten bases, with silver hooks and bands on the posts.
The east end, towards the sunrise, was also fifty cubits wide. Curtains fifteen cubits long were on one side
of the entrance, with three posts and three bases, and curtains fifteen cubits
long were on the other side of the entrance to the courtyard, with three posts
and three bases.
All the curtains around the courtyard were of
finely twisted linen.
The bases for the
posts were bronze. The hooks and bands on the posts were silver, and their
tops were overlaid with silver;
so all the posts of the courtyard had silver
bands.
The curtain for the entrance to the courtyard
was of blue, purple and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen — the work of an
embroiderer. It was twenty cubits long and, like the curtains of the courtyard,
five cubits high, with four posts and four bronze bases. Their hooks and bands
were silver, and their tops were overlaid with silver.
All the tent pegs of the tabernacle and of the
surrounding courtyard were bronze.
These are the amounts of the materials used
for the tabernacle, the tabernacle of the Testimony, which were recorded at
Moses’ command by the Levites under the direction of Ithamar son of Aaron, the
priest. (Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, made
everything the LORD commanded Moses; with him was Oholiab son of Ahisamach, of
the tribe of Dan — a craftsman and designer, and an embroiderer in blue, purple
and scarlet yarn and fine linen.)
The total amount of the gold from the wave
offering used for all the work on the sanctuary was 29 talents and 730 shekels,
according to the sanctuary shekel.
The silver obtained from those of the
community who were counted in the census was 100 talents and 1,775 shekels, according
to the sanctuary shekel — one beka per person, that is, half a shekel,
according to the sanctuary shekel, from everyone who had crossed over to those
counted, twenty years old or more, a total of 603,550 men.
The 100 talents of silver were used to cast
the bases for the sanctuary and for the curtain — 100 bases from the 100 talents,
one talent for each base.
They used the 1,775
shekels to make the hooks for the posts, to overlay the tops of the
posts, and to make their bands.
The bronze from the wave offering was 70
talents and 2,400 shekels. They used it to make the bases for the entrance to
the Tent of Meeting, the bronze altar with its bronze grating and all its
utensils, the bases for the surrounding courtyard and those
for its entrance and all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and those for the
surrounding courtyard.
CHAPTER 39
From the blue, purple and scarlet yarn they
made woven garments for ministering in the sanctuary. They also made sacred
garments for Aaron, as the LORD commanded Moses.
They made the ephod of gold, and of blue,
purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely twisted linen.
They hammered out thin sheets of gold and cut
strands to be worked into the blue, purple and scarlet yarn and fine linen —
the work of a skilled craftsman.
They made shoulder pieces for the ephod, which
were attached to two of its corners, so that it could be fastened. Its
skilfully woven waistband was like it — of one piece with the ephod and made
with gold, and with blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and with finely twisted
linen, as the LORD commanded Moses.
They mounted the onyx stones in gold filigree
settings and engraved them like a seal with the names of the sons of Israel.
Then they fastened them on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones
for the sons of Israel, as the LORD commanded Moses.
They fashioned the
breastpiece — the work of a skilled craftsman. They made it like the
ephod: of gold, and of blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely twisted linen.
It was square — a span long and a span wide —
and folded double. Then they mounted four rows of precious stones on it. In the
first row there was a ruby, a topaz and a beryl; in the second row a turquoise,
a sapphire and an emerald; in the third row a jacinth, an agate and an
amethyst; in the fourth row a chrysolite, an onyx and a jasper. They were mounted
in gold filigree settings.
There were twelve stones, one for each of the
names of the sons of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of
the twelve tribes.
For the breastpiece they made braided chains
of pure gold, like a rope.
They made two gold filigree settings and two
gold rings, and fastened the rings to two of the corners of the breastpiece.
They fastened the two gold chains to the rings at the corners of the
breastpiece, and the other ends of the chains to the two settings, attaching them
to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front.
They made two gold rings and attached them to
the other two corners of the breastpiece on the inside edge next to the ephod.
Then they made two more gold rings and attached them to the bottom of the
shoulder pieces on the front of the ephod, close to the seam just above the
waistband of the ephod.
They tied the rings of the breastpiece to the
rings of the ephod with blue cord, connecting it to the waistband so that the
breastpiece would not swing out from the ephod — as the LORD commanded Moses.
They made the robe
of the ephod entirely of blue cloth — the work of a weaver — with an
opening in the centre of the robe like the opening of a collar,
and a band around this opening, so that it would not tear.
They made pomegranates of blue, purple and scarlet yarn and finely
twisted linen around the hem of the robe. And they made bells of pure gold and
attached them around the hem between the pomegranates. The bells and
pomegranates alternated around the hem of the robe to be worn for
ministering, as the LORD commanded Moses.
For Aaron and his sons, they made tunics of
fine linen — the work of a weaver — and the turban of fine linen, the linen
headbands and the undergarments of finely twisted linen. The sash was of finely
twisted linen and blue, purple and scarlet yarn — the work of an embroiderer —
as the LORD commanded Moses.
They made the plate, the sacred diadem, out of
pure gold and engraved on it, like an inscription on a seal: HOLY TO THE LORD.
Then they fastened a blue cord to it to attach
it to the turban, as the LORD commanded Moses.
So all the work on the tabernacle, the Tent of
Meeting, was completed. The Israelites did everything just as the LORD commanded
Moses.
Then they brought the tabernacle to Moses: the
tent and all its furnishings, its clasps, frames, crossbars, posts and bases;
the covering of ram skins dyed red, the covering of hides of sea cows and the
shielding curtain; the ark of the Testimony with its poles and the atonement cover;
the table with all its articles and the bread of the Presence; the pure gold
lampstand with its row of lamps and all its accessories, and the oil for the
light; the gold altar, the anointing oil, the fragrant incense, and the curtain
for the entrance to the tent; the bronze
altar with its bronze grating, its poles and all its utensils; the basin with
its stand; the curtains of the courtyard
with its posts and bases, and the curtain for the entrance to the courtyard;
the ropes and tent pegs for the courtyard; all the furnishings for the
tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting; and the woven garments worn for ministering in
the sanctuary, both the sacred garments for Aaron the priest and the garments
for his sons when serving as priests.
The Israelites had done all the work just as
the LORD had commanded Moses.
Moses inspected the work and saw that they had
done it just as the LORD had commanded. So Moses blessed them.
CHAPTER 40
Then the LORD said to Moses: “Set up the
tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting, on the first day
of the first month.
Place the ark of the Testimony in it and
shield the ark with the curtain.
Bring in the table and set out what belongs on
it. Then bring in the lampstand and set up its lamps. Place the gold altar of incense
in front of the ark of the Testimony and put the curtain at the entrance to the tabernacle.
“Place the altar of burnt offering in front of
the entrance to the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting; place the basin between
the Tent of Meeting and the altar and put water in it.
Set up the courtyard around it and put the
curtain at the entrance to the courtyard.
“Take the anointing oil and anoint the
tabernacle and everything in it; consecrate it and all its furnishings, and it
will be holy.
Then anoint the altar of burnt offering and
all its utensils; consecrate the altar, and it will be most holy.
Anoint the basin and its stand and consecrate
them.
“Bring Aaron and his sons to the entrance to
the Tent of Meeting and wash them with water. Then dress Aaron in the sacred
garments, anoint him and consecrate him so that he may serve me as priest.
Bring his sons and dress them in tunics.
Anoint them just as you anointed their father,
so that they may serve me as priests. Their anointing will be to a priesthood
that will continue for all generations to come.”
Moses did everything just as the LORD
commanded him.
So the tabernacle was set up on the first day
of the first month in the second year.
When Moses set up the tabernacle, he put the
bases in place, erected the frames, inserted the crossbars and set up the posts.
Then he spread the tent over the tabernacle and put the covering over the tent,
as the LORD commanded him.
He took the Testimony
and placed it in the ark, attached the poles to the ark and put the
atonement cover over it.
Then he brought the ark into the tabernacle
and hung the shielding curtain and shielded the ark of the Testimony, as the LORD
commanded him.
Moses placed the table in the Tent of Meeting
on the north side of the tabernacle outside the curtain and set out the bread
on it before the LORD, as the LORD commanded him.
He placed the lampstand in the Tent of Meeting
opposite the table on the south side of the tabernacle and set up the lamps
before the LORD, as the LORD commanded him.
Moses placed the gold altar in the Tent of
Meeting in front of the curtain and burned fragrant incense on it, as the LORD
commanded him.
Then he put up the curtain at the entrance to
the tabernacle.
He set the altar of burnt offering near the
entrance to the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting, and offered on it burnt offerings
and grain offerings, as the LORD commanded him.
He placed the basin between the Tent of
Meeting and the altar and put water in it for washing, and Moses and Aaron and
his sons used it to wash their hands and feet.
They washed whenever they entered the Tent of
Meeting or approached the altar, as the LORD commanded Moses.
Then Moses set up the courtyard around the
tabernacle and altar and put up the curtain at the entrance to the courtyard. And
so Moses finished the work.
Then the cloud
covered the Tent of Meeting, and the glory of the LORD filled the
tabernacle.
Moses could not enter the Tent of Meeting
because the cloud had settled upon it, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle.
In all the travels of the Israelites, whenever
the cloud lifted from above the tabernacle, they would set out; but if the
cloud did not lift, they did not set out — until the
day it lifted.
So the cloud of the LORD was over the
tabernacle by day, and fire was in the cloud by night, in the sight of all the
house of Israel during all their travels.
LEVITICUS
CHAPTER 1
The LORD called to
Moses and spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting. He said,
“Speak to the Israelites and say to them:
‘When any of you brings an offering to the LORD, bring as your offering an animal
from either the herd or the flock. “‘If the offering is a burnt offering from
the herd, he is to offer a male without defect. He must present it at the entrance
to the Tent of Meeting so that it [Or he] will be acceptable to the LORD.
He is to lay his hand on the head of the burnt
offering, and it will be accepted on his behalf to make atonement for him. He
is to slaughter the young bull before the LORD, and then Aaron’s sons the
priests shall bring the blood and sprinkle it against the altar on all sides at
the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. He is to skin the burnt offering and cut
it into pieces.
The sons of Aaron the priest are to put fire
on the altar and arrange wood on the fire. Then Aaron’s sons the priests shall
arrange the pieces, including the head and the fat, on the burning wood that is
on the altar.
He is to wash the inner parts and the legs
with water, and the priest is to burn all of it on the altar. It is a burnt
offering, an offering made by fire, an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
“‘If the offering is a burnt offering from the
flock, from either the sheep or the goats, he is to offer a male without
defect. He is to slaughter it at the north side of the altar before theLORD,
and Aaron’s sons the priests shall sprinkle its blood against the altar on all
sides. He is to cut it into pieces, and the priest shall arrange them, including
the head and the fat, on the burning wood that is on the altar. He is to wash the inner parts and the legs
with water, and the priest is to bring all of it and burn it on the altar. It
is a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
“‘If the offering to the LORD is a burnt
offering of birds, he is to offer a dove or a young pigeon.
The priest shall bring it to the altar, wring
off the head and burn it on the altar; its blood shall be drained out on the
side of the altar. He is to remove the crop with its contents [Or crop and the feathers;
the meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.] and throw it to the east
side of the altar, where the ashes are. He shall tear it open by the wings, not
severing it completely,
and then the priest shall burn it on the wood that is on
the fire on the altar. It is a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, an aroma
pleasing to the LORD.
CHAPTER 2
“‘When someone brings a grain offering to the
LORD, his offering is to be of fine flour. He is to pour oil on it, put incense
on it and take it to Aaron’s sons the priests. The priest shall take a
handful of the fine flour and oil, together with all the
incense, and burn this as a memorial portion on the altar, an offering made by
fire, an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
The rest of the
grain offering belongs to Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy part of
the offerings made to the LORD by fire.
“‘If you bring a grain offering baked in an
oven, it is to consist of fine flour: cakes made without yeast and mixed with
oil, or [Or and] wafers made without yeast and spread with oil. If your grain
offering is prepared on a griddle, it is to be made of fine flour mixed with
oil, and without yeast. Crumble it and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering.
If your grain offering is cooked in a pan, it is to be made of fine flour and
oil.
Bring the grain offering made of these things
to the LORD; present it to the priest, who shall take it to the altar. He shall
take out the memorial portion from the grain offering and burn it on the altar
as an offering made by fire, an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
The rest of the grain offering belongs to
Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy part of the offerings made to the LORD by
fire.
“‘Every grain offering you bring to the LORD
must be made without yeast, for you are not to burn any yeast or honey in an
offering made to the LORD by fire. You may bring them to the LORD as an
offering of the firstfruits, but they are not to be offered on the altar as a pleasing
aroma.
Season all your grain offerings with salt. Do
not leave the salt of the covenant of your God out of your grain offerings; add
salt to all your offerings.
“‘If you bring a grain offering of firstfruits
to the LORD, offer crushed heads of new grain roasted in the fire. Put oil and
incense on it; it is a grain offering.
The priest shall
burn the memorial portion of the crushed grain and the oil, together with all
the incense, as an offering made to the LORD by fire.
CHAPTER 3
“‘If someone’s offering is a fellowship
offering, [Traditionally peace offering;] and he offers an animal from the
herd, whether male or female, he is to present before the LORD an animal without
defect.
He is to lay his hand on the head of his
offering and slaughter it at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. Then Aaron’s
sons the priests shall sprinkle the blood against the altar on all sides.
From the fellowship offering he is to bring a
sacrifice made to the LORD by fire: all the fat that covers the inner parts or
is connected to them, both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the
covering of the liver, which he will remove with the kidneys.
Then Aaron’s sons are to burn it on the altar
on top of the burnt offering that is on the burning wood, as an offering made
by fire, an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
“‘If he offers an animal from the flock as a
fellowship offering to the LORD, he is to offer a male or female without
defect.
If he offers a lamb, he is to present it
before the LORD. He is to lay his hand on the head of his offering and
slaughter it in front of the Tent of Meeting. Then Aaron’s sons shall sprinkle
its blood against the altar on all sides.
From the fellowship offering he is to bring a
sacrifice made to the LORD by fire: its fat, the entire fat tail cut off close
to the backbone, all the fat that covers the inner parts or is connected to
them, both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the covering of the
liver, which he will remove with the kidneys. The priest shall burn them on the
altar as food, an offering made to the LORD by fire.
“‘If his offering is a goat, he is to present
it before the LORD. He is to lay his hand on its head and slaughter it in front
of the Tent of Meeting. Then Aaron’s sons shall sprinkle its blood against the
altar on all sides. From what he offers he is to make this offering to the LORD
by fire: all the fat that covers the inner parts or is connected to them, both
kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the covering of the liver,
which he will remove with the kidneys. The priest shall burn them on the altar
as food, an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma. All the fat is the LORD’s.
“‘This is a lasting ordinance for the
generations to come, wherever you live: You must not eat any fat or any
blood.’”
CHAPTER 4
The LORD said to Moses,
“Say to the Israelites: ‘When anyone sins
unintentionally and does what is forbidden in any of the LORD’s commands — “‘If
the anointed priest sins, bringing guilt on the people, he must bring to the
LORD a young bull without defect as a sin offering for the sin he has
committed.
He is to present the bull at the entrance to
the Tent of Meeting before the LORD. He is to lay his hand on its head and
slaughter it before the LORD.
Then the anointed priest shall take some of
the bull’s blood and carry it into the Tent of Meeting. He is to dip his finger
into the blood and sprinkle some of it seven times before the LORD, in front of
the curtain of the sanctuary. The priest shall then put some of the blood on
the horns of the altar of fragrant incense that is before the LORD in the Tent
of Meeting. The rest of the bull’s blood he shall pour out at the base of the
altar of burnt offering at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.
He shall remove all the fat from the bull of
the sin offering — the fat that covers the inner parts or is connected to them,
both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the covering of the
liver, which he will remove with the kidneys — just as the fat is removed from
the ox [The Hebrew word can include both male and female.] sacrificed as a
fellowship offering. [Traditionally peace offering] Then the priest shall burn
them on the altar of burnt offering.
But the hide of the bull and all its flesh, as
well as the head and legs, the inner parts and offal — that is, all the rest of
the bull — he must take outside the camp to a place ceremonially clean, where
the ashes are thrown, and burn it in a wood fire on the ash heap.
“‘If the whole Israelite community sins
unintentionally and does what is forbidden in any of the LORD’s commands, even
though the community is unaware of the matter, they are guilty.
When they become aware of the sin they
committed, the assembly must bring a young bull as a sin offering and present it
before the Tent of Meeting.
The elders of the community are to lay their
hands on the bull’s head before the LORD, and the bull shall be slaughtered
before the LORD.
Then the anointed
priest is to take some of the bull’s blood into the Tent of Meeting. He
shall dip his finger into the blood and sprinkle it before the LORD
seven times in front of the curtain.
He is to put some of the blood on the horns of
the altar that is before the LORD in the Tent of Meeting. The rest of the blood
he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering at the entrance to
the Tent of Meeting.
He shall remove all the fat from it and burn
it on the altar, and do with this bull just as he did with the bull for the sin
offering. In this way the priest will make atonement for them, and they will be
forgiven. Then he shall take the bull outside the camp and burn it as he burned
the first bull. This is the sin offering for the community.
“‘When a leader sins unintentionally and does
what is forbidden in any of the commands of the LORD his God, he is guilty.
When he is made aware of the sin he committed,
he must bring as his offering a male goat without defect. He is to lay his hand
on the goat’s head and slaughter it at the place where the burnt offering is
slaughtered before the LORD. It is a sin offering.
Then the priest shall take some of the blood
of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt
offering and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar. He shall
burn all the fat on the altar as he burned the fat of the fellowship offering.
In this way the priest will make atonement for the man’s sin, and he will be
forgiven.
“‘If a member of the community sins
unintentionally and does what is forbidden in any of the LORD’s commands, he is
guilty.
When he is made
aware of the sin he committed, he must bring as his offering for the
sin he committed a female goat
without defect.
He is to lay his hand on the head of the sin
offering and slaughter it at the place of the burnt offering. Then the priest
is to take some of the blood with his finger and put it on the horns of the
altar of burnt offering and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the
altar. He shall remove all the fat, just as the fat is removed from the fellowship
offering, and the priest shall burn it on the altar as an aroma pleasing to the
LORD. In this way the priest will make atonement for him, and he will be
forgiven.
“‘If he brings a lamb as his sin offering, he
is to bring a female without defect. He is to lay his hand on its head and
slaughter it for a sin offering at the place where the burnt offering is
slaughtered.
Then the priest shall take some of the blood
of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt
offering and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar. He shall
remove all the fat, just as the fat is removed from the lamb of the fellowship
offering, and the priest shall burn it on the altar on top of the offerings
made to the LORD by fire. In this way the priest will make atonement for him
for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven.
CHAPTER 5
“‘If a person sins because he does not speak
up when he hears a public charge to testify regarding something he has seen or
learned about, he will be held responsible.
“‘Or if a person
touches anything ceremonially unclean — whether the carcasses of unclean wild
animals or of unclean livestock or of unclean creatures that move along the
ground — even though he is unaware of it, he has become unclean and is guilty.
“‘Or if he touches human uncleanness —
anything that would make him unclean — even though he is unaware of it, when he
learns of it he will be guilty.
“‘Or if a person thoughtlessly takes an oath
to do anything, whether good or evil — in any matter one might carelessly swear
about — even though he is unaware of it, in any case when he learns of it he
will be guilty.
“‘When anyone is guilty in any of these ways,
he must confess in what way he has sinned and, as a penalty for the sin he has
committed, he must bring to the LORD a female lamb or goat from the flock as a
sin offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin.
“‘If he cannot afford a lamb, he is to bring
two doves or two young pigeons to the LORD as a penalty for his sin — one for a
sin offering and the other for a burnt offering.
He is to bring them to the priest, who shall
first offer the one for the sin offering. He is to wring its head from its
neck, not severing it completely, and is to sprinkle some of the blood of the
sin offering against the side of the altar; the rest of the blood must be
drained out at the base of the altar. It is a sin offering. The priest shall
then offer the other as a burnt offering in the prescribed way and make
atonement for him for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven.
“‘If, however, he cannot afford two doves or
two young pigeons, he is to bring as an offering for his sin a tenth of an ephah
[That is, probably about 4 pints (about 2 litres)] of fine flour for a sin offering.
He must not put oil or incense on it, because it is a sin offering.
He is to bring it to
the priest, who shall take a handful of it as a memorial portion and
burn it on the altar on top of the offerings made to the LORD by
fire. It is a sin offering. In this way the priest will make atonement for him
for any of these sins he has committed, and he will be forgiven. The
rest of the offering will belong to the priest, as in the case
of the grain offering.’”
The LORD said to Moses:
“When a person commits a violation and sins
unintentionally in regard to any of the LORD’s holy things, he is to bring to the
LORD as a penalty a ram from the flock, one without defect and of the proper
value in silver, according to the sanctuary shekel.
It is a guilt offering.
He must make restitution for what he has
failed to do in regard to the holy things, add a fifth of the value to that and
give it all to the priest, who will make atonement for him with the ram as a
guilt offering, and he will be forgiven.
“If a person sins and does what is forbidden
in any of the LORD’s commands, even though he does not know it, he is guilty
and will be held responsible.
He is to bring to the priest as a guilt
offering a ram from the flock, one without defect and of the proper value. In
this way the priest will make atonement for him for the wrong he has committed
unintentionally, and he will be forgiven. It is a guilt offering; he has been
guilty of [Or has made full expiation for his] wrongdoing against the LORD.”
CHAPTER 6
The LORD said to Moses:
“If anyone sins and
is unfaithful to the LORD by deceiving his neighbour about something
entrusted to him or left in his
care or stolen, or if he cheats him, or if he finds lost property and lies about
it, or if he swears falsely, or if he commits any such sin that people may do —
when he thus sins and becomes guilty, he must return what he has
stolen or taken by extortion, or what was entrusted to him, or
the lost property he found, or whatever it was he swore falsely about. He must
make restitution in full, add a fifth of the value to it and
give it all to the owner on the day he presents his guilt offering.
And as a penalty he must bring to the priest,
that is, to the LORD, his guilt offering, a ram from the flock, one without defect
and of the proper value.
In this way the priest will make atonement for
him before the LORD, and he will be forgiven for any of these things he did that
made him guilty.”
The LORD said to Moses: “Give Aaron and his
sons this command: ‘These are the regulations for the burnt offering: The burnt
offering is to remain on the altar hearth throughout the night, till morning, and
the fire must be kept burning on the altar.
The priest shall
then put on his linen clothes, with linen undergarments next to his body, and
shall remove the ashes of the burnt offering that the fire has consumed on the
altar and place them beside the altar. Then he is to take off these clothes and
put on others, and carry the ashes outside the camp to a place that is ceremonially
clean.
The fire on the altar must be kept burning; it
must not go out. Every morning the priest is to add firewood and arrange the burnt
offering on the fire and burn the fat of the fellowship offerings
[Traditionally peace offerings] on it. The fire must be kept burning on the
altar continuously; it must not go out.
“‘These are the regulations for the grain
offering: Aaron’s sons are to bring it before the LORD, in front of the altar.
The priest is to take a handful of fine flour
and oil, together with all the incense on the grain offering, and burn the memorial
portion on the altar as an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
Aaron and his sons shall eat the rest of it,
but it is to be eaten without yeast in a holy place; they are to eat it in the courtyard
of the Tent of Meeting. It must not be
baked with yeast; I have given it as their share of the offerings made to me by
fire. Like the sin offering and the guilt offering, it is most holy.
Any male descendant of Aaron may eat it. It is
his regular share of the offerings made to the LORD by fire for the generations
to come. Whatever touches it will become holy.’”
The LORD also said to Moses,
“This is the offering Aaron and his sons are
to bring to the LORD on the day he [Or each] is anointed: a tenth of an ephah
[That is, probably about 4 pints (about 2 litres)] of fine flour as a regular
grain offering, half of it in the morning and half in the evening.
Prepare it with oil on a griddle; bring it
well-mixed and present the grain offering broken [The meaning of the Hebrew for
this word is uncertain.] in pieces as an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
The son who is to succeed him as anointed
priest shall prepare it. It is the LORD’s regular share and is to be burned completely.
Every grain offering
of a priest shall be burned completely; it must not be eaten.”
The LORD said to Moses,
“Say to Aaron and his sons: ‘These are the
regulations for the sin offering: The sin offering is to be slaughtered before
the LORD in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered; it is most holy.
The priest who offers it shall eat it; it is
to be eaten in a holy place, in the courtyard of the Tent of Meeting.
Whatever touches any of the flesh will become
holy, and if any of the blood is spattered on a garment, you must wash it in a
holy place.
The clay pot that the meat is cooked in must
be broken; but if it is cooked in a bronze pot, the pot is to be scoured and rinsed
with water.
Any male in a priest’s family may eat it; it
is most holy.
But any sin offering whose blood is brought
into the Tent of Meeting to make atonement in the Holy Place must not be eaten;
it must be burned.
CHAPTER 7
“‘These are the regulations for the guilt
offering, which is most holy: The guilt offering is to be slaughtered in the
place where the burnt offering is slaughtered, and its blood is to be sprinkled
against the altar on all sides. All its fat shall be offered: the fat tail and
the fat that covers
the inner parts, both kidneys with the fat on them near the
loins, and the covering of the liver, which is to be removed with the kidneys.
The priest shall
burn them on the altar as an offering made to the LORD by fire. It is a
guilt offering. Any male in a priest’s family may eat it, but it must be eaten in a
holy place; it is most holy.
“‘The same law applies to both the sin
offering and the guilt offering: They belong to the priest who makes atonement with
them.
The priest who offers a burnt offering for
anyone may keep its hide for himself.
Every grain offering baked in an oven or
cooked in a pan or on a griddle belongs to the priest who offers it, and every
grain offering, whether mixed with oil or dry, belongs equally to all the sons
of Aaron.
“‘These are the regulations for the fellowship
offering [Traditionally peace offering] a person may present to the LORD:
“‘If he offers it as an expression of
thankfulness, then along with this thank-offering he is to offer cakes of bread
made without yeast and mixed with oil, wafers made without yeast and spread
with oil, and cakes of fine flour well-kneaded and mixed with oil.
Along with his fellowship offering of
thanksgiving he is to present an offering with cakes of bread made with yeast.
He is to bring one of each kind as an offering, a contribution to the LORD; it
belongs to the priest who sprinkles the blood of the fellowship offerings.
The meat of his fellowship offering of
thanksgiving must be eaten on the day it is offered; he must leave none of it
till morning.
“‘If, however, his offering is the result of a
vow or is a freewill offering, the sacrifice shall be eaten on the day he offers
it, but anything left over may be eaten on the next day. Any meat of the
sacrifice left over till the third day must be burned up.
If any meat of the fellowship offering is
eaten on the third day, it will not be accepted. It will not be credited to the
one who offered it, for it is impure; the person who eats any of it will be
held responsible.
“‘Meat that touches anything ceremonially
unclean must not be eaten; it must be burned up. As for other meat, anyone ceremonially
clean may eat it. But if anyone who is unclean eats any meat of the fellowship offering
belonging to the LORD, that person must be cut off from his people.
If anyone touches something unclean — whether
human uncleanness or an unclean animal or any unclean, detestable thing — and
then eats any of the meat of the fellowship offering belonging to the LORD,
that person must be cut off from his people.’”
The LORD said to Moses,
“Say to the Israelites: ‘Do not eat any of the
fat of cattle, sheep or goats. The fat of an animal found dead or torn by wild
animals may be used for any other purpose, but you must not eat it.
Anyone who eats the fat of an animal from
which an offering by fire may be [Or fire is] made to the LORD must be cut off from
his people.
And wherever you live, you must not eat the
blood of any bird or animal.
If anyone eats blood, that person must be cut
off from his people.’”
The LORD said to Moses,
“Say to the
Israelites: ‘Anyone who brings a fellowship offering to the LORD is to bring
part of it as his sacrifice to
the LORD. With his own hands he is to bring
the offering made to the LORD by fire; he is to bring the fat, together with the
breast, and wave the breast before the LORD as a wave offering.
The priest shall burn the fat on the altar,
but the breast belongs to Aaron and his sons.
You are to give the
right thigh of your fellowship offerings to the priest as a contribution.
The son of Aaron who offers the blood and the
fat of the fellowship offering shall have the right thigh as his share.
From the fellowship offerings of the
Israelites, I have taken the breast that is waved and the thigh that is
presented and have given them to Aaron the priest and his sons as their regular
share from the Israelites.’”
This is the portion of the offerings made to
the LORD by fire that were allotted to Aaron and his sons on the day they were presented
to serve the LORD as priests. On the day they were anointed, the LORD commanded
that the Israelites give this to them as their regular share for the generations
to come.
These, then, are the regulations for the burnt
offering, the grain offering, the sin offering, the guilt offering, the ordination
offering and the fellowship offering, which the LORD gave Moses on Mount Sinai
on the day he commanded the Israelites to bring their offerings to the LORD, in
the Desert of Sinai.
CHAPTER 8
The LORD said to Moses,
“Bring Aaron and his
sons, their garments, the anointing oil, the bull for the sin offering,
the two rams and the basket containing bread made without yeast, and gather the entire
assembly at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.”
Moses did as the LORD commanded him, and the
assembly gathered at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.
Moses said to the assembly, “This is what the
LORD has commanded to be done.” Then Moses brought Aaron and his sons forward
and washed them with water. He put the tunic on Aaron, tied the sash around
him, clothed him with the robe and put the ephod on him. He also tied the ephod
to him by its skilfully woven waistband; so it was fastened on him.
He placed the breastpiece on him and put the
Urim and Thummim in the breastpiece. Then he placed the turban on Aaron’s head
and set the gold plate, the sacred diadem, on the front of it, as the LORD commanded
Moses.
Then Moses took the anointing oil and anointed
the tabernacle and everything in it, and so consecrated them. He sprinkled some
of the oil on the altar seven times, anointing the altar and all its utensils
and the basin with its stand, to consecrate them. He poured some of the
anointing oil on Aaron’s head and anointed him to consecrate him.
Then he brought Aaron’s sons forward, put
tunics on them, tied sashes around them and put headbands on them, as the LORD
commanded Moses.
He then presented the bull for the sin
offering, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on its head. Moses slaughtered the bull and took some of
the blood, and with his finger he put it on all the horns of the altar to
purify the altar. He poured out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar.
So he consecrated it to make atonement for it.
Moses also took all the fat around the inner
parts, the covering of the liver, and both kidneys and their fat, and burned it
on the altar.
But the bull with its hide and its flesh and
its offal he burned up outside the camp, as the LORD commanded Moses.
He then presented the ram for the burnt
offering, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on its head. Then Moses
slaughtered the ram and sprinkled the blood against the altar on all sides. He cut the ram into pieces and burned the
head, the pieces and the fat. He washed the inner parts and the legs with water
and burned the whole ram on the altar as a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma, an
offering made to the LORD by fire, as the LORD commanded Moses.
He then presented the other ram, the ram for
the ordination, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on its head. Moses
slaughtered the ram and took some of its blood and put it on the lobe of
Aaron’s right ear, on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his
right foot.
Moses also brought Aaron’s sons forward and
put some of the blood on the lobes of their right ears, on the thumbs of their
right hands and on the big toes of their right feet. Then he sprinkled blood
against the altar on all sides. He took the fat, the fat tail, all the fat around
the inner parts, the covering of the liver, both kidneys and their fat and the right
thigh.
Then from the basket of bread made without
yeast, which was before the LORD, he took a cake of bread, and one made with
oil, and a wafer; he put these on the fat portions and on the right thigh.
He put all these in the hands of Aaron and his
sons and waved them before the LORD as a wave offering. Then Moses took them
from their hands and burned them on the altar on top of the burnt offering as
an ordination offering, a pleasing aroma, an offering made to the LORD by fire.
He also took the breast — Moses’ share of the
ordination ram — and waved it before the LORD as a wave offering, as the LORD
commanded Moses.
Then Moses took some of the anointing oil and
some of the blood from the altar and sprinkled them on Aaron and his garments
and on his sons and their garments. So he consecrated Aaron and his garments
and his sons and their garments.
Moses then said to Aaron and his sons, “Cook
the meat at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting and eat it there with the bread
from the basket of ordination offerings, as I commanded, saying, [Or I was
commanded:] ‘Aaron and his sons are to eat it.’ Then burn up the rest of the
meat and the bread.
Do not leave the entrance to the Tent of
Meeting for seven days, until the days of your ordination are completed, for your
ordination will last seven days. What has been done today was commanded by the
LORD to make atonement for you.
You must stay at the entrance to the Tent of
Meeting day and night for seven days and do what the LORD requires, so that you
will not die; for that is what I have been commanded.”
So Aaron and his sons did everything the LORD
commanded through Moses.
CHAPTER 9
On the eighth day Moses summoned Aaron and his
sons and the elders of Israel.
He said to Aaron, “Take a bull calf for your
sin offering and a ram for your burnt offering, both without defect, and
present them before the LORD.
Then say to the Israelites: ‘Take a male goat
for a sin offering, a calf and a lamb — both a year old and without defect —
for a burnt offering, and an ox and a
ram for a fellowship offering to sacrifice before the LORD, together with a
grain offering mixed with oil. For today the LORD will appear to you.’”
They took the things Moses commanded to the
front of the Tent of Meeting, and the entire assembly came near and stood
before the LORD.
Then Moses said, “This is what the LORD has
commanded you to do, so that the glory of the LORD may appear to you.”
Moses said to Aaron, “Come to the altar and
sacrifice your sin offering and your burnt offering and make atonement for yourself
and the people; sacrifice the offering that is for the people and make atonement
for them, as the LORD has commanded.”
So Aaron came to the altar and slaughtered the
calf as a sin offering for himself. His sons brought the blood to him, and he
dipped his finger into the blood and put it on the horns of the altar; the rest
of the blood he poured out at the base of the altar. On the altar he burned the
fat, the kidneys and the covering of the liver from the sin offering, as the
LORD commanded Moses; the flesh and the hide he burned up outside the camp.
Then he slaughtered the burnt offering. His
sons handed him the blood, and he sprinkled it against the altar on all sides.
They handed him the burnt offering piece by piece, including
the head, and he burned them on the altar. He washed the
inner parts and the legs and burned them on top of the burnt offering on the
altar.
Aaron then brought
the offering that was for the people. He took the goat for the people’s sin
offering and slaughtered it and offered it for a sin offering as he did with
the first one. He brought the burnt offering and offered it in the prescribed way.
He also brought the grain offering, took a
handful of it and burned it on the altar in addition to the morning’s burnt offering.
He slaughtered the ox and the ram as the
fellowship offering for the people. His sons handed him the blood, and he sprinkled
it against the altar on all sides. But the fat portions of the ox and the ram —
the fat tail, the layer of fat, the kidneys and the covering of the liver —
these they laid on the breasts, and then Aaron burned the fat on the altar.
Aaron waved the breasts and the right thigh
before the LORD as a wave offering, as Moses commanded. Then Aaron lifted his
hands towards the people and blessed them. And having sacrificed the sin
offering, the burnt offering and the fellowship offering, he stepped down.
Moses and Aaron then
went into the Tent of Meeting. When they came out, they blessed the
people; and the glory of the LORD appeared to all the people.
Fire came out from the presence of the LORD
and consumed the burnt offering and the fat portions on the altar. And when all
the people saw it, they shouted for joy and fell face down.
CHAPTER 10
Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu took their
censers, put fire in them and added incense; and they offered unauthorised fire
before the LORD, contrary to his command. So fire came out from the presence of
the LORD and consumed them, and they died before the LORD.
Moses then said to Aaron, “This is what the
LORD spoke of when he said: “‘Among those who approach me I will show myself
holy; in the sight of all the people I will be honoured.’” Aaron remained
silent.
Moses summoned Mishael and Elzaphan, sons of
Aaron’s uncle Uzziel, and said to them, “Come here; carry your cousins outside
the camp, away from the front of the sanctuary.”
So they came and carried them, still in their
tunics, outside the camp, as Moses ordered.
Then Moses said to Aaron and his sons Eleazar
and Ithamar, “Do not let your hair become unkempt, [Or Do not uncover your
heads] and do not tear your clothes, or you will die and the LORD will be angry
with the whole community. But your relatives, all the house of Israel, may
mourn for those the LORD has destroyed by fire.
Do not leave the entrance to the Tent of
Meeting or you will die, because the LORD’s anointing oil is on you.” So they
did as Moses said.
Then the LORD said
to Aaron, “You and your sons are not to drink wine or other fermented
drink whenever you go into the Tent of Meeting, or you will
die. This is a lasting ordinance for the generations to come. You must
distinguish between the holy and the common, between the unclean and the clean,
and you must teach the Israelites all the decrees the LORD has given them
through Moses.”
Moses said to Aaron and his remaining sons,
Eleazar and Ithamar, “Take the grain offering left over from the offerings made
to the LORD by fire and eat it prepared without yeast beside the altar, for it
is most holy. Eat it in a holy place, because it is your share and your sons’ share
of the offerings made to the LORD by fire; for so I have been commanded.
But you and your sons and your daughters may
eat the breast that was waved and the thigh that was presented. Eat them in a
ceremonially clean place; they have been given to you and your children as your
share of the Israelites’ fellowship offerings. [Traditionally peace offerings]
The thigh that was presented and the breast
that was waved must be brought with the fat portions of the offerings made by
fire, to be waved before the LORD as a wave offering. This will be the regular
share for you and your children, as the LORD has commanded.”
When Moses enquired about the goat of the sin
offering and found that it had been burned up, he was angry with Eleazar and
Ithamar, Aaron’s remaining sons, and asked, “Why didn’t you eat the sin
offering in the sanctuary area? It is most holy; it was given to you to take
away the guilt of the community by making atonement for them before the LORD.
Since its blood was not taken into the Holy Place, you should have eaten the
goat in the sanctuary area, as I commanded.”
Aaron replied to
Moses, “Today they sacrificed their sin offering and their burnt
offering before the LORD, but such things as this have happened to
me. Would the LORD have been pleased if I had eaten the sin offering today?”
When Moses heard this, he was satisfied.
CHAPTER 11
The LORD said to Moses and Aaron,
“Say to the Israelites: ‘Of all the animals
that live on land, these are the ones you may eat: You may eat any animal that
has a split hoof completely divided and that chews the cud.
“‘There are some that only chew the cud or
only have a split hoof, but you must not eat them. The camel, though it chews the
cud, does not have a split hoof; it is ceremonially unclean for you. The coney,
[That is, the hyrax or rock badger] though it chews the cud, does not have a
split hoof; it is unclean for you. The rabbit, though it chews the cud, does
not have a split hoof; it is unclean for you. And the pig, though it has a
split hoof completely divided, does not chew the cud; it is unclean for you.
You must not eat their meat or touch their
carcasses; they are
unclean for you.
“‘Of all the creatures living in the water of
the seas and the streams, you may eat any that have fins and scales. But all
creatures in the seas or streams that do not have fins and scales — whether
among all the swarming things or among all the other living creatures in the
water — you are to detest. And since you are to detest them, you must not eat
their meat and you must detest their carcasses. Anything living in the
water that does not have fins and scales is to be detestable to you.
“‘These are the birds you are to detest and
not eat because they are detestable: the eagle, the vulture, the black vulture,
the red kite, any kind of black kite, any kind of raven, the horned owl, the screech
owl, the gull, any kind of hawk, the little owl, the cormorant, the great owl, the white owl, the desert owl, the osprey, the
stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe and the bat.
“‘All flying insects that walk on all fours
are to be detestable to you.
There are, however, some winged creatures that
walk on all fours that you may eat: those that have jointed legs for hopping on
the ground. Of these you may eat any kind of locust, katydid, cricket or grasshopper.
But all other winged creatures that have four legs you are to detest.
“‘You will make yourselves unclean by these;
whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening.
Whoever picks up one of their carcasses must
wash his clothes, and he will be unclean till evening.
“‘Every animal that has a split hoof not
completely divided or that does not chew the cud is unclean for you; whoever touches
the carcass of any of them will be unclean.
Of all the animals
that walk on all fours, those that walk on their paws are unclean for you;
whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening.
Anyone who picks up their carcasses must wash
his clothes, and he will be unclean till evening. They are unclean for you.
“‘Of the animals that move about on the
ground, these are unclean for you: the weasel, the rat, any kind of great
lizard, the gecko, the monitor lizard, the wall lizard, the skink and the
chameleon.
Of all those that move along the ground, these
are unclean for you. Whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean
till evening.
When one of them dies and falls on something,
that article, whatever its use, will be unclean, whether it is made of wood, cloth,
hide or sackcloth. Put it in water; it will be unclean till evening, and then
it will be clean.
If one of them falls into a clay pot,
everything in it will be unclean, and you must break the pot.
Any food that could be eaten but has water on
it from such a pot is unclean, and any liquid that could be drunk from it is unclean.
Anything that one of their carcasses falls on
becomes unclean; an oven or cooking pot must be broken up. They are unclean,
and you are to regard them as unclean.
A spring, however, or a cistern for collecting
water remains clean, but anyone who touches one of these carcasses is unclean.
If a carcass falls on any seeds that are to be
planted, they remain clean.
But if water has been put on the seed and a
carcass falls on it, it is unclean for you.
“‘If an animal that
you are allowed to eat dies, anyone who touches the carcass will be
unclean till evening.
Anyone who eats some of the carcass must wash
his clothes, and he will be unclean till evening. Anyone who picks up the carcass
must wash his clothes, and he will be unclean till
evening.
“‘Every creature that moves about on the
ground is detestable; it is not to be eaten.
You are not to eat any creature that moves
about on the ground, whether it moves on its belly or walks on all fours or on
many feet; it is detestable.
Do not defile yourselves by any of these
creatures. Do not make yourselves unclean by means of them or be made unclean
by them.
I am the LORD your God; consecrate yourselves
and be holy, because I am holy. Do not make yourselves unclean by any creature
that moves about on the ground.
I am the LORD who brought you up out of Egypt
to be your God; therefore be holy, because I am holy. “‘These are the
regulations concerning animals, birds, every living thing that moves in the
water and every creature that moves about on the ground.
You must distinguish between the unclean and
the clean, between living creatures that may be eaten and those that may not be
eaten.’”
CHAPTER 12
The LORD said to Moses,
“Say to the Israelites: ‘A woman who becomes
pregnant and gives birth to a son will be ceremonially unclean for seven days,
just as she is unclean during her monthly period.
On the eighth day
the boy is to be circumcised.
Then the woman must wait thirty-three days to
be purified from her bleeding. She must not touch anything sacred or go to the
sanctuary until the days of her purification are over.
If she gives birth to a daughter, for two
weeks the woman will be unclean, as during her period. Then she must wait sixty-six
days to be purified from her bleeding.
“‘When the days of her purification for a son
or daughter are over, she is to bring to the priest at the entrance to the Tent
of Meeting a year-old lamb for a burnt offering and a young pigeon or a dove
for a sin offering.
He shall offer them before the LORD to make
atonement for her, and then she will be ceremonially clean from her flow of blood.
“‘These are the regulations for the woman who gives
birth to a boy or a girl.
If she cannot afford a lamb, she is to bring
two doves or two young pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin
offering. In this way the priest will make atonement for her, and she will be
clean.’”
CHAPTER 13
The LORD said to Moses and Aaron,
“When anyone has a swelling or a rash or a
bright spot on his skin that may become an infectious skin disease, [Traditionally
leprosy; the Hebrew word was used for various diseases affecting the skin.] he
must be brought to Aaron the priest or to one of his sons [Or descendants] who
is a priest.
The priest is to examine the sore on his skin,
and if the hair in the sore has turned white and the sore appears to be more than
skin deep, it is an infectious skin disease. When the priest examines him, he
shall pronounce him ceremonially unclean.
If the spot on his skin is white but does not
appear to be more than skin deep and the hair in it has not turned white, the
priest is to put the infected person in isolation for seven days.
On the seventh day the priest is to examine
him, and if he sees that the sore is unchanged and has not spread in the skin, he
is to keep him in isolation another seven days.
On the seventh day the priest is to examine
him again, and if the sore has faded and has not spread in the skin, the priest
shall pronounce him clean; it is only a rash. The man must wash his clothes,
and he will be clean.
But if the rash does spread in his skin after
he has shown himself to the priest to be pronounced clean, he must appear before
the priest again. The priest is to examine him, and if the rash has spread in
the skin, he shall pronounce him unclean; it is an infectious disease.
“When anyone has an infectious skin disease,
he must be brought to the priest. The priest is to examine him, and if there is
a white swelling in the skin that has turned the hair white and if there is raw
flesh in the swelling, it is a chronic skin disease and the priest shall
pronounce him
unclean. He is not to put him in isolation, because he is already
unclean.
“If the disease breaks out all over his skin
and, so far as the priest can see, it covers all the skin of the infected
person from head to foot, the priest is to examine him, and if the disease has
covered his whole body, he shall pronounce that person clean. Since it has all
turned white, he is clean.
But whenever raw
flesh appears on him, he will be unclean. When the priest sees the raw flesh,
he shall pronounce him unclean. The raw flesh is unclean; he has an infectious disease.
Should the raw flesh change and turn white, he
must go to the priest. The priest is to examine him, and if the sores have
turned white, the priest shall pronounce the infected person clean; then he
will be clean.
“When someone has a boil on his skin and it
heals, and in the place where the boil was, a white swelling or reddish-white
spot appears, he must present himself to the priest.
The priest is to examine it, and if it appears
to be more than skin deep and the hair in it has turned white, the priest shall
pronounce him unclean. It is an infectious skin disease that has broken out
where the boil was.
But if, when the priest examines it, there is
no white hair in it and it is not more than skin deep and has faded, then the priest
is to put him in isolation for seven days.
If it is spreading in the skin, the priest
shall pronounce him unclean; it is infectious.
But if the spot is unchanged and has not
spread, it is only a scar from the boil, and the priest shall pronounce him
clean.
“When someone has a burn on his skin and a
reddish-white or white spot appears in the raw flesh of the burn, the priest is
to examine the spot, and if the hair in it has turned white, and it appears to
be more than skin deep, it is an infectious disease that has broken out in the
burn. The
priest shall pronounce him unclean; it is an infectious
skin disease.
But if the priest
examines it and there is no white hair in the spot and if it is not more than
skin deep and has faded, then the priest is to put him in isolation for seven
days.
On the seventh day the priest is to examine
him, and if it is spreading in the skin, the priest shall pronounce him
unclean; it is an infectious skin disease.
If, however, the spot is unchanged and has not
spread in the skin but has faded, it is a swelling from the burn, and the priest
shall pronounce him clean; it is only a scar from the burn.
“If a man or woman has a sore on the head or
on the chin, the priest is to examine the sore, and if it appears to be more than
skin deep and the hair in it is yellow and thin, the priest shall pronounce
that person unclean; it is an itch, an infectious disease of the head or chin.
But if, when the priest examines this kind of
sore, it does not seem to be more than skin deep and there is no black hair in it,
then the priest is to put the infected person in isolation for seven days.
On the seventh day the priest is to examine
the sore, and if the itch has not spread and there is no yellow hair in it and
it does not appear to be more than skin deep, he must be shaved except for the
diseased area, and the priest is to keep him in isolation another seven days.
On the seventh day the priest is to examine
the itch, and if it has not spread in the skin and appears to be no more than skin
deep, the priest shall pronounce him clean. He must wash his clothes, and he will
be clean.
But if the itch does spread in the skin after
he is pronounced clean, the priest is to examine him, and if the itch has
spread in the skin, the priest does not need to look for yellow hair; the person
is unclean.
If, however, in his
judgment it is unchanged and black hair has grown in it, the itch is
healed. He is clean, and the priest shall pronounce him clean.
“When a man or woman has white spots on the
skin, the priest is to examine them, and if the spots are dull white, it is a
harmless rash that has broken out on the skin; that person is clean.
“When a man has lost his hair and is bald, he
is clean. If he has lost his hair from the front of his scalp and has a bald
forehead, he is clean.
But if he has a reddish-white sore on his bald
head or forehead, it is an infectious disease breaking out on his head or
forehead. The priest is to examine him, and if the swollen sore on his
head or forehead is reddish-white like an infectious skin disease,
the man is diseased and is unclean. The priest shall pronounce him unclean
because of the sore on his head.
“The person with such an infectious disease
must wear torn clothes, let his hair be unkempt, [Or clothes, uncover his head]
cover the lower part of his face and cry out, ‘Unclean! Unclean!’
As long as he has the infection he remains
unclean. He must live alone; he must live outside the camp.
“If any clothing is contaminated with mildew —
any woollen or linen clothing, any woven or knitted material of linen or wool,
any leather or anything made of leather — and if the contamination in the
clothing, or leather, or woven or knitted material, or any leather article, is
greenish or reddish, it is a spreading mildew and must be shown to the priest.
The priest is to
examine the mildew and isolate the affected article for seven days. On the
seventh day he is to examine it, and if the mildew has spread in the clothing,
or the woven or knitted material, or the leather, whatever its use, it is a
destructive mildew; the article is unclean.
He must burn up the clothing, or the woven or
knitted material of wool or linen, or any leather article that has the contamination
in it, because the mildew is destructive; the article must be burned up.
“But if, when the priest examines it, the
mildew has not spread in the clothing, or the woven or knitted material, or the
leather article, he shall order that the contaminated article be washed. Then he
is to isolate it for another seven days.
After the affected article has been washed,
the priest is to examine it, and if the mildew has not changed its appearance, even
though it has not spread, it is unclean. Burn it with fire, whether the mildew
has affected one side or the other.
If, when the priest examines it, the mildew
has faded after the article has been washed, he is to tear the contaminated
part out of the clothing, or the leather, or the woven or knitted material.
But if it reappears in the clothing, or in the
woven or knitted material, or in the leather article, it is spreading, and
whatever has the mildew must be burned with fire.
The clothing, or the woven or knitted
material, or any leather article that has been washed and is rid of the mildew,
must be washed again, and it will be clean.”
These are the regulations concerning
contamination by mildew in woollen or linen clothing, woven or knitted material,
or any leather article, for pronouncing them clean or unclean.
CHAPTER 14
The LORD said to
Moses,
“These are the regulations for the diseased
person at the time of his ceremonial cleansing, when he is brought to the
priest: The priest is to go outside the camp and examine him. If the person has
been healed of his infectious skin disease, the priest shall order that two
live clean birds and some cedar wood, scarlet yarn and hyssop be brought for
the one to be cleansed.
Then the priest shall order that one of the
birds be killed over fresh water in a clay pot.
He is then to take the live bird and dip it,
together with the cedar wood, the scarlet yarn and the hyssop, into the blood
of the bird that was killed over the fresh water.
Seven times he shall sprinkle the one to be
cleansed of the infectious disease and pronounce him clean. Then he is to release
the live bird in the open fields.
“The person to be cleansed must wash his
clothes, shave off all his hair and bathe with water; then he will be
ceremonially clean. After this he may come into the camp, but he must stay outside
his tent for seven days.
On the seventh day he must shave off all his
hair; he must shave his head, his beard, his eyebrows and the rest of his hair.
He must wash his clothes and bathe himself with water,
and he will be clean.
“On the eighth day he must bring two male
lambs and one ewe lamb a year old, each without defect, along with threetenths of
an ephah [That is, probably about 11 1/2 pints
(about 6.5 litres)] of fine flour mixed with oil for a
grain offering, and one log [That is, probably about 1/2 pint (about 0.3 litre)]
of oil.
The priest who pronounces him clean shall
present both the one to be cleansed and his offerings before the LORD at the entrance
to the Tent of Meeting.
“Then the priest is to take one of the male
lambs and offer it as a guilt offering, along with the log of oil; he shall
wave them before the LORD as a wave offering.
He is to slaughter the lamb in the holy place
where the sin offering and the burnt offering are slaughtered. Like the sin offering,
the guilt offering belongs to the priest; it is most holy.
The priest is to take some of the blood of the
guilt offering and put it on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed,
on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of
his right foot.
The priest shall then take some of the log of
oil, pour it in the palm of his own left hand, dip his right forefinger into
the oil in his palm, and with his finger sprinkle some of it before the LORD
seven times. The priest is to put some of the oil remaining in his palm on the
lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand
and on the big toe of his right foot, on top of the blood of the guilt
offering. The rest of the oil in his palm the priest shall put on the head of
the one to be cleansed and make atonement for him before the LORD.
“Then the priest is to sacrifice the sin
offering and make atonement for the one to be cleansed from his uncleanness. After
that, the priest shall slaughter the burnt offering and offer it on the altar,
together with the grain offering, and make atonement for him, and he will be
clean.
“If, however, he is
poor and cannot afford these, he must take one male lamb as a guilt
offering to be waved to make atonement for him, together with a tenth of an ephah [That
is, probably about 4 pints (about 2 litres)] of fine flour
mixed with oil for a grain offering, a log of oil, and two doves
or two young pigeons, which he can afford, one for a sin offering and the
other for a burnt offering.
“On the eighth day he must bring them for his
cleansing to the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, before the LORD.
The priest is to take the lamb for the guilt
offering, together with the log of oil, and wave them before the LORD as a wave
offering.
He shall slaughter the lamb for the guilt
offering and take some of its blood and put it on the lobe of the right ear of
the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of
his right foot.
The priest is to pour some of the oil into the
palm of his own left hand, and with his
right forefinger sprinkle some of the oil from his palm seven times before the
LORD. Some of the oil in his palm he is to put on the same places he put the
blood of the guilt offering — on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be
cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot.
The rest of the oil in his palm the priest shall put on the head of the one to
be cleansed, to make atonement for him before the LORD.
Then he shall sacrifice the doves or the young
pigeons, which the person can afford, one as a sin offering and the other as a
burnt offering, together with the grain offering. In this way the priest will
make atonement before the LORD on behalf of the one to be cleansed.”
These are the regulations for anyone who has
an infectious skin disease and who cannot afford the regular offerings for his
cleansing.
The LORD said to Moses and Aaron,
“When you enter the land of Canaan, which I am
giving you as your possession, and I put a spreading mildew in a house in that
land, the owner of the house must go and tell the priest, ‘I have seen
something that looks like mildew in my house.’ The priest is to order the house
to be emptied before he goes in to examine the mildew, so that nothing in the
house will be pronounced unclean. After this the priest is to go in and inspect
the house.
He is to examine the mildew on the walls, and
if it has greenish or reddish depressions that appear to be deeper than the
surface of the wall, the priest shall go out of the doorway of the house and
close it up for seven days.
On the seventh day the priest shall return to
inspect the house. If the mildew has spread on the walls, he is to order that
the contaminated stones be torn out and thrown into an unclean place outside
the town.
He must have all the inside walls of the house
scraped and the material that is scraped off dumped into an unclean place outside
the town.
Then they are to take other stones to replace
these and take new clay and plaster the house.
“If the mildew reappears in the house after
the stones have been torn out and the house scraped and plastered, the priest
is to go and examine it and, if the mildew has spread in the house, it is a
destructive mildew; the house is unclean. It must be torn down — its stones,
timbers and all the plaster — and taken out of the town to an unclean place.
“Anyone who goes into the house while it is
closed up will be unclean till evening.
Anyone who sleeps or eats in the house must
wash his clothes.
“But if the priest comes to examine it and the
mildew has not spread after the house has been plastered, he shall pronounce the
house clean, because the mildew is gone.
To purify the house he is to take two birds
and some cedar wood, scarlet yarn and hyssop.
He shall kill one of the birds over fresh
water in a clay pot. Then he is to take the cedar wood, the hyssop, the scarlet
yarn and the live bird, dip them into the blood of the dead bird and the fresh
water, and sprinkle the house seven times.
He shall purify the house with the bird’s
blood, the fresh water, the live bird, the cedar wood, the hyssop and the scarlet
yarn.
Then he is to release the live bird in the
open fields outside the town. In this way he will make atonement for the house,
and it will be clean.”
These are the regulations for any infectious
skin disease, for an itch, for mildew in clothing or in a house, and for a
swelling, a rash or a bright spot, to determine when something is clean or
unclean. These are the regulations for infectious skin diseases and mildew.
CHAPTER 15
The LORD said to Moses and Aaron,
“Speak to the Israelites and say to them:
‘When any man has a bodily discharge, the discharge is unclean. Whether it
continues flowing from his body or is blocked, it will make him unclean. This
is how his discharge will bring about uncleanness: “‘Any bed the man with a
discharge lies on will be unclean, and anything he sits on will be unclean.
Anyone who touches his bed must wash his
clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean till evening.
Whoever sits on anything that the man with a
discharge sat on must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean
till evening.
“‘Whoever touches the man who has a discharge
must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean till evening.
“‘If the man with the discharge spits on
someone who is clean, that person must wash his clothes and bathe with water,
and he will be unclean till evening.
“‘Everything the man sits on when riding will
be unclean, and whoever touches any of the things that were under him will be
unclean till evening; whoever picks up those things must wash his clothes and
bathe with water, and he will be unclean till evening.
“‘Anyone the man with a discharge touches
without rinsing his hands with water must wash his clothes and bathe with water,
and he will be unclean till evening.
“‘A clay pot that the man touches must be
broken, and any wooden article is to be rinsed with water.
“‘When a man is
cleansed from his discharge, he is to count off seven days for his
ceremonial cleansing; he must wash his clothes and bathe himself with
fresh water, and he will be clean.
On the eighth day he must take two doves or
two young pigeons and come before the LORD to the entrance to the Tent of
Meeting and give them to the priest. The priest is to sacrifice them, the one
for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering. In this way he will make
atonement before the LORD for the man because of his discharge.
“‘When a man has an emission of semen, he must
bathe his whole body with water, and he will be unclean till evening. Any
clothing or leather that has semen on it must be washed with water, and it will
be unclean till evening.
When a man lies with a woman and there is an
emission of semen, both must bathe with water, and they will be unclean till
evening.
“‘When a woman has her regular flow of blood,
the impurity of her monthly period will last seven days, and anyone who touches
her will be unclean till evening. “‘Anything she lies on during her period will
be unclean, and anything she sits on will be unclean.
Whoever touches her bed must wash his clothes
and bathe with water, and he will be unclean till evening. Whoever touches
anything she sits on must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be
unclean till evening. Whether it is the bed or anything she was sitting on,
when anyone touches it, he will be unclean till evening.
“‘If a man lies with her and her monthly flow
touches him, he will be unclean for seven days; any bed he lies on will be unclean.
“‘When a woman has a
discharge of blood for many days at a time other than her monthly
period or has a discharge that
continues beyond her period, she will be
unclean as long as she has the discharge, just as in the days of her period.
Any bed she lies on while her discharge
continues will be unclean, as is her bed during her monthly period, and anything
she sits on will be unclean, as during her period. Whoever touches them will be
unclean; he must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean
till
evening.
“‘When she is cleansed from her discharge, she
must count off seven days, and after that she will be ceremonially clean. On
the eighth day she must take two doves or two young pigeons and bring them to
the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. The priest is to sacrifice
one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering. In this way he will
make atonement for her before the LORD for the uncleanness of her discharge.
“‘You must keep the
Israelites separate from things that make them unclean, so they will not die in
their uncleanness for defiling my dwelling-place, [Or my tabernacle] which is among
them.’”
These are the regulations for a man with a
discharge, for anyone made unclean by an emission of semen, for a woman in her
monthly period, for a man or a woman with a discharge, and for a man who lies
with a woman who is ceremonially unclean.
CHAPTER 16
The LORD spoke to Moses after the death of the
two sons of Aaron who died when they approached the LORD.
The LORD said to
Moses: “Tell your brother Aaron not to come whenever he chooses into
the Most Holy Place behind the curtain in front of the atonement cover on the ark, or
else he will die, because I appear in the cloud over the
atonement cover.
“This is how Aaron is to enter the sanctuary
area: with a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.
He is to put on the sacred linen tunic, with
linen undergarments next to his body; he is to tie the linen sash around him
and put on the linen turban. These are sacred garments; so he must bathe himself
with water before he puts them on.
From the Israelite community he is to take two
male goats for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.
“Aaron is to offer the bull for his own sin
offering to make atonement for himself and his household. Then he is to take
the two goats and present them before the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of
Meeting.
He is to cast lots for the two goats — one lot
for the LORD and the other for the scapegoat. [That is, the goat of removal]
Aaron shall bring the goat whose lot falls to the LORD and sacrifice it for a
sin offering. But the goat chosen by lot as the scapegoat shall be presented
alive before the LORD to be used for making atonement by sending it into the
desert as a scapegoat.
“Aaron shall bring the bull for his own sin
offering to make atonement for himself and his household, and he is to slaughter
the bull for his own sin offering.
He is to take a censer full of burning coals
from the altar before the LORD and two handfuls of finely ground fragrant incense
and take them behind the curtain. He is to put the incense on the fire before
the LORD, and the smoke of the incense will conceal the atonement cover above the
Testimony, so that he will not die.
He is to take some of the bull’s blood and
with his finger sprinkle it on the front of the atonement cover; then he shall sprinkle
some of it with his finger seven times before the atonement cover.
“He shall then slaughter the goat for the sin
offering for the people and take its blood behind the curtain and do with it as
he did with the bull’s blood: He shall sprinkle it on the atonement cover and
in front of it.
In this way he will make atonement for the
Most Holy Place because of the uncleanness and rebellion of the Israelites, whatever
their sins have been. He is to do the same for the Tent of Meeting, which is
among them in the midst of their uncleanness.
No-one is to be in the Tent of Meeting from
the time Aaron goes in to make atonement in the Most Holy Place until he comes
out, having made atonement for himself, his household and the whole community
of Israel.
“Then he shall come out to the altar that is
before the LORD and make atonement for it. He shall take some of the bull’s blood
and some of the goat’s blood and put it on all the horns of the altar.
He shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with
his finger seven times to cleanse it and consecrate it from the uncleanness of the
Israelites.
“When Aaron has finished making atonement for
the Most Holy Place, the Tent of Meeting and the altar, he shall bring forward
the live goat.
He is to lay both hands on the head of the
live goat and confess over it all the wickedness and rebellion of the Israelites
— all their sins — and put them on the goat’s head. He shall send the goat away
into the desert in the care of a man appointed for the task. The goat will
carry on itself all their sins to a solitary place; and the man shall release
it in the desert.
“Then Aaron is to go into the Tent of Meeting
and take off the linen garments he put on before he entered the Most Holy Place,
and he is to leave them there.
He shall bathe himself with water in a holy
place and put on his regular garments. Then he shall come out and sacrifice the
burnt offering for himself and the burnt offering for the people, to make
atonement for himself and for the people.
He shall also burn the fat of the sin offering
on the altar.
“The man who releases the goat as a scapegoat
must wash his clothes and bathe himself with water; afterwards he may come into
the camp.
The bull and the goat for the sin offerings,
whose blood was brought into the Most Holy Place to make atonement, must be
taken outside the camp; their hides, flesh and offal are to be burned up.
The man who burns them must wash his clothes
and bathe himself with water; afterwards he may come into the camp.
“This is to be a lasting ordinance for you: On
the tenth day of the seventh month you must deny yourselves [Or must fast] and
not do any work — whether native-born or an alien living among you — because on
this day atonement will be made for you, to cleanse you. Then, before the LORD,
you will be clean from all your sins.
It is a sabbath of rest, and you must deny
yourselves; it is a lasting ordinance.
The priest who is anointed and ordained to
succeed his father as high priest is to make atonement. He is to put on the sacred
linen garments and make atonement for the Most Holy Place, for the Tent of Meeting
and the altar, and for the priests and all the people of the community.
“This is to be a lasting ordinance for you:
Atonement is to be made once a year for all the sins of the Israelites.” And it
was done, as the LORD commanded Moses.
CHAPTER 17
The LORD said to Moses,
“Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the
Israelites and say to them: ‘This is what the LORD has commanded: Any Israelite
who sacrifices an ox, a lamb or a goat in the camp or outside of it instead of
bringing it to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting to present it as an offering
to the LORD in front of the tabernacle of the LORD — that man shall be
considered guilty of bloodshed; he has shed blood and must be cut off from his
people.
This is so that the Israelites will bring to
the LORD the sacrifices they are now making in the open fields. They must bring
them to the priest, that is, to the LORD, at the entrance to the Tent of
Meeting and sacrifice them as fellowship offerings. [Traditionally peace
offerings]
The priest is to sprinkle the blood against
the altar of the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting and burn the fat
as an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
They must no longer offer any of their
sacrifices to the goat idols [Or demons] to whom they prostitute themselves.
This is to be a lasting ordinance for them and for the generations to come.’
“Say to them: ‘Any
Israelite or any alien living among them who offers a burnt offering or
sacrifice and does not bring it to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting to
sacrifice it to the LORD — that man must be cut off from his
people.
“‘Any Israelite or any alien living among them
who eats any blood — I will set my face against that person who eats blood and
will cut him off from his people.
For the life of a creature is in the blood,
and I have given it to you to make atonement for yourselves on the altar; it is
the blood that makes atonement for one’s life. Therefore I say to the
Israelites, “None of you may eat blood, nor may an alien living among you eat
blood.”
“‘Any Israelite or any alien living among you
who hunts any animal or bird that may be eaten must drain out the blood and cover
it with earth, because the life of every creature is its blood. That is why I have
said to the Israelites, “You must not eat the blood of any creature, because
the life of every creature is its blood; anyone who eats it must be cut off.”
“‘Anyone, whether native-born or alien, who
eats anything found dead or torn by wild animals must wash his clothes and bathe
with water, and he will be ceremonially unclean till evening; then he will be
clean.
But if he does not wash his clothes and bathe
himself, he will be held responsible.’”
CHAPTER 18
The LORD said to Moses,
“Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘I
am the LORD your God.
You must not do as
they do in Egypt, where you used to live, and you must not do as they do
in the land of Canaan, where I am bringing you. Do not follow their practices.
You must obey my laws and be careful to follow
my decrees. I am the LORD your God.
Keep my decrees and laws, for the man who
obeys them will live by them. I am the LORD.
“‘No-one is to approach any close relative to
have sexual relations. I am the LORD.
“‘Do not dishonour your father by having
sexual relations with your mother. She is your mother; do not have relations with
her.
“‘Do not have sexual relations with your
father’s wife; that would dishonour your father.
“‘Do not have sexual relations with your
sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether she was
born in the same home or elsewhere.
“‘Do not have sexual relations with your son’s
daughter or your daughter’s daughter; that would dishonour you.
“‘Do not have sexual relations with the
daughter of your father’s wife, born to your father; she is your sister.
“‘Do not have sexual relations with your
father’s sister; she is your father’s close relative.
“‘Do not have sexual relations with your
mother’s sister, because she is your mother’s close relative.
“‘Do not dishonour your father’s brother by
approaching his wife to have sexual relations; she is your aunt.
“‘Do not have sexual relations with your
daughter-in-law. She is your son’s wife; do not have relations with her.
“‘Do not have sexual relations with your
brother’s wife; that would dishonour your brother.
“‘Do not have sexual
relations with both a woman and her daughter. Do not have sexual
relations with either her son’s
daughter or her daughter’s daughter; they are
her close relatives. That is wickedness.
“‘Do not take your wife’s sister as a rival
wife and have sexual relations with her while your wife is living.
“‘Do not approach a woman to have sexual
relations during the uncleanness of her monthly period.
“‘Do not have sexual relations with your
neighbour’s wife and defile yourself with her.
“‘Do not give any of your children to be
sacrificed [Or to be passed through the fire] to Molech, for you must not profane
the name of your God. I am the LORD.
“‘Do not lie with a man as one lies with a
woman; that is detestable.
“‘Do not have sexual relations with an animal
and defile yourself with it. A woman must not present herself to an animal to
have sexual relations with it; that is a perversion.
“‘Do not defile yourselves in any of these
ways, because this is how the nations that I am going to drive out before you became
defiled.
Even the land was defiled; so I punished it
for its sin, and the land vomited out its inhabitants.
But you must keep my decrees and my laws. The
native-born and the aliens living among you must not do any of these detestable
things, for all these things were done by the people who lived in the land
before you, and the land became defiled. And if you defile the land, it will
vomit you out as it vomited out the nations that were before you.
“‘Everyone who does any of these detestable
things — such persons must be cut off from their people.
Keep my requirements
and do not follow any of the detestable customs that were practised before you came and do not
defile yourselves with them. I am the LORD your God.’”
CHAPTER 19
The LORD said to Moses,
“Speak to the entire assembly of Israel and
say to them: ‘Be holy because I, the LORD your God, am holy.
“‘Each of you must respect his mother and
father, and you must observe my Sabbaths. I am the LORD your God.
“‘Do not turn to idols or make gods of cast
metal for yourselves. I am the LORD your God.
“‘When you sacrifice a fellowship offering
[Traditionally peace offering] to the LORD, sacrifice it in such a way that it will
be accepted on your behalf. It shall be eaten on the day you sacrifice it or on
the next day; anything left over until the third day must be burned up. If any
of it is eaten on the third day, it is impure and will not be accepted.
Whoever eats it will be held responsible
because he has desecrated what is holy to the LORD; that person must be cut off
from his people.
“‘When you reap the harvest of your land, do
not reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest.
Do not go over your vineyard a second
time or pick up the grapes that have fallen. Leave them for the poor and the alien.
I am the LORD your God.
“‘Do not steal. “‘Do not lie. “‘Do not deceive
one another.
“‘Do not swear
falsely by my name and so profane the name of your God. I am the LORD.
“‘Do not defraud your neighbour or rob him.
“‘Do not hold back the wages of a hired man overnight.
“‘Do not curse the deaf or put a
stumbling-block in front of the blind, but fear your God. I am the LORD.
“‘Do not pervert justice; do not show
partiality to the poor or favouritism to the great, but judge your neighbour
fairly.
“‘Do not go about spreading slander among your
people. “‘Do not do anything that endangers your neighbour’s life. I am the
LORD.
“‘Do not hate your brother in your heart.
Rebuke your neighbour frankly so that you will not share in his guilt.
“‘Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against
one of your people, but love your neighbour as yourself. I am the LORD.
“‘Keep my decrees.
“‘Do not mate different kinds of animals.
“‘Do not plant your
field with two kinds of seed.
“‘Do not wear clothing woven of two kinds of
material.
“‘If a man sleeps with a woman who is a slave
girl promised to another man but who has not been ransomed or given her freedom,
there must be due punishment. Yet they are not to be put to death, because she
had not been freed.
The man, however, must bring a ram to the
entrance to the Tent of Meeting for a guilt offering to the LORD. With the ram
of the guilt offering the priest is to make atonement for him before the LORD
for the sin he has committed, and his sin will be forgiven.
“‘When you enter the land and plant any kind
of fruit tree, regard its fruit as forbidden. For three years you are to
consider it forbidden; it must not be eaten. In the fourth year all its fruit
will be holy, an offering of praise to the LORD.
But in the fifth year you may eat its fruit.
In this way your harvest will be increased. I am the LORD your God.
“‘Do not eat any meat with the blood still in
it. “‘Do not practise divination or sorcery.
“‘Do not cut the hair at the sides of your
head or clip off the edges of your beard.
“‘Do not cut your bodies for the dead or put
tattoo marks on yourselves. I am the LORD.
“‘Do not degrade your daughter by making her a
prostitute, or the land will turn to prostitution and be filled with wickedness.
“‘Observe my Sabbaths and have reverence for
my sanctuary. I am the LORD.
“‘Do not turn to mediums or seek out
spiritists, for you will be defiled by them. I am the LORD your God.
“‘Rise in the presence of the aged, show
respect for the elderly and revere your God. I am the LORD.
“‘When an alien lives with you in your land,
do not ill-treat him.
The alien living with you must be treated as
one of your native-born. Love him as yourself, for you were aliens in Egypt. I
am the LORD your God.
“‘Do not use dishonest standards when
measuring length, weight or quantity.
Use honest scales and honest weights, an
honest ephah [An ephah was a dry measure.] and an honest hin. [A hin was a liquid
measure.] I am the LORD your God, who brought you
out of Egypt.
“‘Keep all my decrees and all my laws and
follow them. I am the LORD.’”
CHAPTER 20
The LORD said to Moses,
“Say to the Israelites: ‘Any Israelite or any
alien living in Israel who gives [Or sacrifices] any of his children to Molech
must be put to death. The people of the community are to stone him.
I will set my face against that man and I will
cut him off from his people; for by giving his children to Molech, he has defiled
my sanctuary and profaned my holy name.
If the people of the community close their
eyes when that man gives one of his children to Molech and they fail to put him
to death, I will set my face against that man and his family and will cut off
from their people both him and all who follow him in prostituting themselves to
Molech.
“‘I will set my face against the person who
turns to mediums and spiritists to prostitute himself by following them, and I will
cut him off from his people.
“‘Consecrate yourselves and be holy, because I
am the LORD your God.
Keep my decrees and follow them. I am the
LORD, who makes you holy. [Or who sets you apart as holy]
“‘If anyone curses his father or mother, he
must be put to death. He has cursed his father or his mother, and his blood will
be on his own head.
“‘If a man commits adultery with another man’s
wife — with the wife of his neighbour — both the adulterer and the adulteress
must be put to death.
“‘If a man sleeps with his father’s wife, he
has dishonoured his father. Both the man and the woman must be put to death; their
blood will be on their own heads.
“‘If a man sleeps
with his daughter-in-law, both of them must be put to death. What they have
done is a perversion; their blood will be on their own heads.
“‘If a man lies with a man as one lies with a
woman, both of them have done what is detestable. They must be put to death;
their blood will be on their own heads.
“‘If a man marries both a woman and her
mother, it is wicked. Both he and they must be burned in the fire, so that no
wickedness will be among you.
“‘If a man has sexual relations with an
animal, he must be put to death, and you must kill the animal.
“‘If a woman approaches an animal to have
sexual relations with it, kill both the woman and the animal. They must be put to
death; their blood will be on their own heads.
“‘If a man marries his sister, the daughter of
either his father or his mother, and they have sexual relations, it is a
disgrace. They must be cut off before the eyes of their people. He has
dishonoured his sister and will be held responsible.
“‘If a man lies with a woman during her
monthly period and has sexual relations with her, he has exposed the source of her
flow, and she has also uncovered it. Both of them must be cut off from their
people.
“‘Do not have sexual relations with the sister
of either your mother or your father, for that would dishonour a close relative;
both of you would be held responsible.
“‘If a man sleeps with his aunt, he has
dishonoured his uncle. They will be held responsible; they will die childless.
“‘If a man marries his brother’s wife, it is
an act of impurity; he has dishonoured his brother. They will be childless.
“‘Keep all my decrees and laws and follow
them, so that the land where I am bringing you to live may not vomit you out.
You must not live
according to the customs of the nations I am going to drive out before
you. Because they did all these
things, I abhorred them.
But I said to you, “You will possess their
land; I will give it to you as an inheritance, a land flowing with milk and
honey.” I am the LORD your God, who has set you apart from the
nations.
“‘You must therefore make a distinction
between clean and unclean animals and between unclean and clean birds. Do not defile
yourselves by any animal or bird or anything that
moves along the ground — those which I have set apart as unclean
for you.
You are to be holy to me [Or be my holy ones]
because I, the LORD, am holy, and I have set you apart from the nations to be
my own.
“‘A man or woman who is a medium or spiritist
among you must be put to death. You are to stone them; their blood will be on
their own heads.’”
CHAPTER 21
The LORD said to Moses, “Speak to the priests,
the sons of Aaron, and say to them: ‘A priest must not make himself ceremonially
unclean for any of his people who die, except for a close relative, such as his
mother or father, his son or daughter, his brother, or an unmarried sister who
is dependent on him since she has no husband — for her he may make himself
unclean.
He must not make himself unclean for people
related to him by marriage, [Or unclean as a leader among his people] and so
defile himself.
“‘Priests must not shave their heads or shave
off the edges of their beards or cut their bodies.
They must be holy to
their God and must not profane the name of their God. Because they
present the offerings made to the LORD by fire, the food of their God, they are to be holy.
“‘They must not marry women defiled by
prostitution or divorced from their husbands, because priests are holy to their
God.
Regard them as holy, because they offer up the
food of your God. Consider them holy, because I the LORD am holy — I who make
you holy. [Or who set you apart as holy]
“‘If a priest’s daughter defiles herself by
becoming a prostitute, she disgraces her father; she must be burned in the fire.
“‘The high priest, the one among his brothers
who has had the anointing oil poured on his head and who has been ordained to
wear the priestly garments, must not let his hair become unkempt [Or not
uncover his head] or tear his clothes.
He must not enter a place where there is a
dead body. He must not make himself unclean, even for his father or mother, nor leave the sanctuary of his God or desecrate
it, because he has been dedicated by the anointing oil of his God. I am the LORD.
“‘The woman he marries must be a virgin.
He must not marry a widow, a divorced woman,
or a woman defiled by prostitution, but only a virgin from his own people, so
that he will not defile his offspring among his people. I am the LORD, who
makes him holy.’” [Or who sets him apart as holy]
The LORD said to Moses, “Say to Aaron: ‘For
the generations to come none of your descendants who has a defect may come near
to offer the food of his God.
No man who has any defect may come near: no
man who is blind or lame, disfigured or deformed; no man with a crippled foot
or hand, or who is hunchbacked or dwarfed, or who has any eye defect, or who
has festering or running sores or damaged testicle.
No descendant of Aaron the priest who has any
defect is to come near to present the offerings made to the LORD by fire. He
has a defect; he must not come near to offer the food of his God.
He may eat the most holy food of his God, as
well as the holy food; yet because of his defect, he must not go near the
curtain or approach the altar, and so desecrate my sanctuary. I am the LORD,
who makes them holy.’” [Or who sets them apart as holy]
So Moses told this to Aaron and his sons and
to all the Israelites.
CHAPTER 22
The LORD said to Moses,
“Tell Aaron and his sons to treat with respect
the sacred offerings the Israelites consecrate to me, so that they will not profane
my holy name. I am the LORD.
“Say to them: ‘For the generations to come, if
any of your descendants is ceremonially unclean and yet comes near the sacred
offerings that the Israelites consecrate to the LORD, that person must be cut
off from my presence. I am the LORD.
“‘If a descendant of Aaron has an infectious
skin disease [Traditionally leprosy; the Hebrew word was used for various diseases
affecting the skin — not necessarily leprosy.] or a bodily discharge, he may
not eat the sacred offerings until he is cleansed. He will also be unclean if
he touches something defiled by a corpse or by anyone who has an emission of semen,
or if he touches any crawling thing that makes him unclean, or any person who
makes him unclean, whatever the uncleanness may be.
The one who touches any such thing will be
unclean till evening. He must not eat any of the sacred offerings unless he has
bathed himself with water.
When the sun goes down, he will be clean, and
after that he may eat the sacred offerings, for they are his food.
He must not eat anything found dead or torn by
wild animals, and so become unclean through it. I am the LORD.
“‘The priests are to keep my requirements so
that they do not become guilty and die for treating them with contempt. I am the
LORD, who makes them holy. [Or who sets them apart as holy]
“‘No-one outside a priest’s family may eat the
sacred offering, nor may the guest of a priest or his hired worker eat it.
But if a priest buys a slave with money, or if
a slave is born in his household, that slave may eat his food.
If a priest’s daughter marries anyone other
than a priest, she may not eat any of the sacred contributions. But if a
priest’s daughter becomes a widow or is divorced, yet has no children, and she
returns to live in her father’s house as in her youth, she may eat of her
father’s food. No unauthorised person, however, may eat any of it.
“‘If anyone eats a
sacred offering by mistake, he must make restitution to the priest for
the offering and add a fifth of the value to it.
The priests must not desecrate the sacred
offerings the Israelites present to the LORD by allowing them to eat the sacred
offerings and so bring upon them guilt requiring payment. I am the LORD, who makes
them holy.’”
The LORD said to Moses,
“Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the
Israelites and say to them: ‘If any of you — either an Israelite or an alien
living in Israel — presents a gift for a burnt offering to the LORD, either to
fulfil a vow or as a freewill offering, you must present a male without defect
from the cattle, sheep or goats in order that it may be accepted on your
behalf.
Do not bring anything with a defect, because
it will not be accepted on your behalf.
When anyone brings from the herd or flock a
fellowship offering [Traditionally peace offering] to the LORD to fulfil a special
vow or as a freewill offering, it must be without defect or blemish to be
acceptable.
Do not offer to the LORD the blind, the
injured or the maimed, or anything with warts or festering or running sores. Do
not place any of these on the altar as an offering made to the LORD by fire.
You may, however, present as a freewill
offering an ox or a sheep that is deformed or stunted, but it will not be
accepted in fulfilment of a vow.
You must not offer to the LORD an animal whose
testicles are bruised, crushed, torn or cut. You must not do this in your own
land, and you must not accept such animals from the hand of a foreigner and
offer them as the food of your God. They will not be accepted on your behalf, because
they are deformed and have defects.’”
The LORD said to Moses,
“When a calf, a lamb or a goat is born, it is
to remain with its mother for seven days. From the eighth day on, it will be acceptable
as an offering made to the LORD by fire.
Do not slaughter a cow or a sheep and its
young on the same day.
“When you sacrifice a thank-offering to the
LORD, sacrifice it in such a way that it will be accepted on your behalf. It
must be eaten that same day; leave none of it till morning. I am the LORD.
“Keep my commands and follow them. I am the
LORD. Do not profane my holy name. I must be acknowledged as holy by the
Israelites. I am the LORD, who makes you holy [Or who sets you apart as holy]
and who brought you out of Egypt to be your God. I am the LORD.”
CHAPTER 23
The LORD said to Moses,
“Speak to the Israelites and say to them:
‘These are my appointed feasts, the appointed feasts of the LORD, which you are
to proclaim as sacred assemblies.
“‘There are six days when you may work, but
the seventh day is a Sabbath of rest, a day of sacred assembly. You are not to do
any work; wherever you live, it is a Sabbath to the LORD.
“‘These are the
LORD’s appointed feasts, the sacred assemblies you are to proclaim
at their appointed times: The LORD’s Passover begins at twilight on the
fourteenth day of the first month. On the fifteenth day of that month
the LORD’s Feast of Unleavened Bread begins; for seven days you must eat bread made
without yeast.
On the first day hold a sacred assembly and do
no regular work. For seven days present an offering made to the LORD by fire.
And on the seventh day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.’”
The LORD said to Moses,
“Speak to the Israelites and say to them:
‘When you enter the land I am going to give you and you reap its harvest, bring
to the priest a sheaf of the first grain you harvest. He is to wave the sheaf
before the LORD so it will be accepted on your behalf; the priest is to wave it
on the day
after the Sabbath.
On the day you wave the sheaf, you must
sacrifice as a burnt offering to the LORD a lamb a year old without defect, together with its grain offering of two-tenths
of an ephah [That is, probably about 7 1/2 pints (about 4.5 litres)] of fine
flour mixed with oil — an offering made to
the LORD by fire, a pleasing aroma — and its drink offering
of a quarter of a hin [That is, probably about 1 1/2 pints (about 1 litre)] of
wine.
You must not eat any bread, or roasted or new
grain, until the very day you bring this offering to your God. This is to be a
lasting ordinance for the generations to come, wherever you live.
“‘From the day after the Sabbath, the day you
brought the sheaf of the wave offering, count off seven full weeks. Count off
fifty days up to the day after the seventh Sabbath, and then present an
offering of new grain to the LORD.
From wherever you live, bring two loaves made
of twotenths of an ephah of fine flour, baked with yeast, as a wave offering of
firstfruits to the LORD.
Present with this bread seven male lambs, each
a year old and without defect, one young bull and two rams. They will be a burnt
offering to the LORD, together with their grain offerings and drink offerings —
an offering made by fire, an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
Then sacrifice one male goat for a sin
offering and two lambs, each a year old, for a fellowship offering.
[Traditionally peace offering] The priest is to wave the two lambs before the
LORD as a wave offering, together with the bread of the firstfruits. They are a
sacred offering to the LORD for the priest.
On that same day you are to proclaim a sacred
assembly and do no regular work. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations
to come, wherever you live.
“‘When you reap the harvest of your land, do
not reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest.
Leave them for the poor and the alien. I am the LORD your God.’”
The LORD said to Moses,
“Say to the Israelites: ‘On the first day of
the seventh month you are to have a day of rest, a sacred assembly commemorated
with trumpet blasts.
Do no regular work, but present an offering
made to the LORD by fire.’”
The LORD said to Moses,
“The tenth day of this seventh month is the
Day of Atonement. Hold a sacred assembly and deny yourselves, [Or fast] and
present an offering made to the LORD by fire.
Do no work on that day, because it is the Day
of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before the LORD your God. Anyone
who does not deny himself on that day must be cut
off from his people. I will destroy from among his people
anyone who does any work on that day.
You shall do no work at all. This is to be a
lasting ordinance for the generations to come, wherever you live. It is a
sabbath of rest for you, and you must deny yourselves. From the evening of the
ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to observe your
sabbath.”
The LORD said to Moses,
“Say to the Israelites: ‘On the fifteenth day
of the seventh month the LORD’s Feast of Tabernacles begins, and it lasts for
seven days.
The first day is a sacred assembly; do no
regular work. For seven days present offerings made to the LORD by fire, and on
the eighth day hold a sacred assembly and present an offering made to the LORD
by fire. It is the closing assembly; do no regular work. (“‘These are the
LORD’s appointed feasts, which you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies for
bringing offerings made to the LORD by fire — the burnt offerings and grain
offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings required for each day. These
offerings are in addition to those for the LORD’s Sabbaths and [Or These feasts
are in addition to the LORD’s Sabbaths, and these offerings are] in addition to
your gifts and whatever you have vowed and all the freewill offerings you give
to the LORD.)
“‘So beginning with
the fifteenth day of the seventh month, after you have gathered the
crops of the land, celebrate the festival to the LORD for seven
days; the first day is a day of
rest, and the eighth day also is a day of
rest.
On the first day you are to take choice fruit
from the trees, and palm fronds, leafy branches and poplars, and rejoice before
the LORD your God for seven days.
Celebrate this as a festival to the LORD for
seven days each year. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come;
celebrate it in the seventh month.
Live in booths for seven days: All native-born
Israelites are to live in booths so that your descendants will know that I made
the Israelites live in booths when I brought them out of Egypt. I am the LORD
your God.’”
So Moses announced to the Israelites the
appointed feasts of the LORD.
CHAPTER 24
The LORD said to Moses,
“Command the Israelites to bring you clear oil
of pressed olives for the light so that the lamps may be kept burning continually.
Outside the curtain of the Testimony in the Tent of Meeting, Aaron is to tend
the lamps before the LORD from evening till morning, continually. This is to be
a lasting ordinance for the generations to come.
The lamps on the pure gold lampstand before
the LORD must be tended continually.
“Take fine flour and bake twelve loaves of
bread, using twotenths of an ephah [That is, probably about 7 1/2 pints (about 4.5
litres)] for each loaf. Set them in two rows, six in each row, on the table of
pure gold before the LORD.
Along each row put some pure incense as a
memorial portion to represent the bread and to be an offering made to the LORD
by fire.
This bread is to be set out before the LORD
regularly, Sabbath after Sabbath, on behalf of the Israelites, as a lasting covenant.
It belongs to Aaron and his sons, who are to eat it in a holy place, because it
is a most holy part of their regular share of the offerings made to the LORD by
fire.”
Now the son of an Israelite mother and an
Egyptian father went out among the Israelites, and a fight broke out in the camp
between him and an Israelite. The son of the Israelite woman blasphemed the
Name with a curse; so they brought him to Moses. (His mother’s name was
Shelomith, the daughter of Dibri the Danite.) They put him in custody until the
will of the LORD should be made clear to them.
Le. 24:13 Then the LORD said to Moses:
“Take the blasphemer outside the camp. All
those who heard him are to lay their hands on his head, and the entire assembly
is to stone him.
Say to the Israelites: ‘If anyone curses his
God, he will be held responsible; anyone who blasphemes the name of the LORD
must be put to death. The entire assembly must stone him. Whether an alien or
native-born, when he blasphemes the Name, he must be put to death.
“‘If anyone takes the life of a human being,
he must be put to death. Anyone who takes the life of someone’s animal must
make restitution — life for life.
If anyone injures his neighbour, whatever he
has done must be done to him: fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for
tooth. As he has injured the other, so he is to be injured.
Whoever kills an animal must make restitution,
but whoever kills a man must be put to death.
You are to have the same law for the alien and
the native-born. I am the LORD your God.’”
Then Moses spoke to the Israelites, and they
took the blasphemer outside the camp and stoned him. The Israelites did as the
LORD commanded Moses.
CHAPTER 25
The LORD said to Moses on Mount Sinai,
“Speak to the Israelites and say to them:
‘When you enter the land I am going to give you, the land itself must observe a
sabbath to the LORD.
For six years sow your fields, and for six
years prune your vineyards and gather their crops. But in the seventh year the
land is to have a sabbath of rest, a sabbath to the LORD. Do not sow your
fields or prune your vineyards. Do not reap what grows of itself or harvest the
grapes of your untended vines. The land is to have a year of rest.
Whatever the land yields during the sabbath
year will be food for you — for yourself, your manservant and maidservant, and
the hired worker and temporary resident who live among
you, as well as for your livestock and the wild animals in
your land. Whatever the land produces may be eaten.
“‘Count off seven sabbaths of years — seven
times seven years — so that the seven sabbaths of years amount to a period of
forty-nine years. Then have the trumpet sounded everywhere on the tenth day of
the seventh month; on the Day of Atonement sound the trumpet throughout your
land.
Consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim
liberty throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for
you; each one of you is to return to his family property and each to his
own clan. The fiftieth year shall be a jubilee for you; do
not sow and do not reap what grows of itself or harvest the untended vines. For
it is a jubilee and is to be holy for you; eat only what is
taken directly from the fields.
“‘In this Year of Jubilee everyone is to
return to his own property.
“‘If you sell land to one of your countrymen
or buy any from him, do not take advantage of each other.
You are to buy from your countryman on the
basis of the number of years since the Jubilee. And he is to sell to you on the
basis of the number of years left for harvesting crops.
When the years are many, you are to increase
the price, and when the years are few, you are to decrease the price, because
what he is really selling you is the number of crops.
Do not take advantage of each other, but fear
your God. I am the LORD your God. “‘Follow my decrees and be careful to obey my
laws, and you will live safely in the land.
Then the land will yield its fruit, and you
will eat your fill and live there in safety.
You may ask, “What
will we eat in the seventh year if we do not plant or harvest our crops?”
I will send you such a blessing in the sixth
year that the land will yield enough for three years. While you plant during
the eighth year, you will eat from the old crop and will continue to
eat from it until the harvest of the ninth year comes in.
“‘The land must not be sold permanently,
because the land is mine and you are but aliens and my tenants. Throughout the
country that you hold as a possession, you must provide for the redemption of
the land. “‘If one of your countrymen becomes poor and sells some of his
property, his nearest relative is to come and redeem what his countryman has
sold.
If, however, a man has no-one to redeem it for
him but he himself prospers and acquires sufficient means to redeem it, he is
to determine the value for the years since he sold it and
refund the balance to the man to whom he sold it; he can
then go back to his own property.
But if he does not acquire the means to repay
him, what he sold will remain in the possession of the buyer until the Year of
Jubilee. It will be returned in the Jubilee, and he can then go back to his
property.
“‘If a man sells a house in a walled city, he
retains the right of redemption a full year after its sale. During that time he
may redeem it. If it is not redeemed before a full year has passed, the house in
the walled city shall belong permanently to the buyer and his descendants. It
is not to be returned in the Jubilee.
But houses in villages without walls round
them are to be considered as open country. They can be redeemed, and they are
to be returned in the Jubilee.
“‘The Levites always
have the right to redeem their houses in the Levitical towns, which they
possess. So the property of the Levites is redeemable — that is, a house
sold in any town they hold — and is to be returned in the
Jubilee, because the houses in the towns of the Levites are
their property among the Israelites.
But the pasture-land belonging to their towns
must not be sold; it is their permanent possession.
“‘If one of your countrymen becomes poor and is
unable to support himself among you, help him as you would an alien or a
temporary resident, so that he can continue to live among you.
Do not take interest of any kind [Or take
excessive interest] from him, but fear your God, so that your countryman may
continue to live among you. You must not lend him money at interest or sell him
food at a profit.
I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of
Egypt to give you the land of Canaan and to be your God.
“‘If one of your countrymen becomes poor among
you and sells himself to you, do not make him work as a slave. He is to be
treated as a hired worker or a temporary resident among you; he is to work for
you until the Year of Jubilee.
Then he and his children are to be released,
and he will go back to his own clan and to the property of his forefathers.
Because the Israelites are my servants, whom I brought out of Egypt, they must
not be sold as slaves.
Do not rule over them ruthlessly, but fear
your God.
“‘Your male and female slaves are to come from
the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves. You may also buy some of
the temporary residents living among you and members of their clans born in
your country, and they will become your property.
You can will them to your children as inherited
property and can make them slaves for life, but you must not rule over your
fellow Israelites ruthlessly.
“‘If an alien or a temporary resident among
you becomes rich and one of your countrymen becomes poor and sells himself to
the alien living among you or to a member of the alien’s
clan, he retains the right of redemption after he has sold
himself. One of his relatives may redeem him: An uncle or a cousin or any
blood-relative in his clan may redeem him. Or if he prospers, he may redeem
himself. He and his buyer are to count
the time from the year he sold
himself up to the Year of Jubilee. The price for his
release is to be based on the rate paid to a hired man for that number of years.
If many years remain, he must pay for his
redemption a larger share of the price paid for him. If only a few years remain
until the Year of Jubilee, he is to compute that and pay for his redemption
accordingly. He is to be treated as a man hired from year to year; you must see
to it that his owner does not rule over him ruthlessly.
“‘Even if he is not redeemed in any of these
ways, he and his children are to be released in the Year of Jubilee, for the
Israelites belong to me as servants. They are my servants, whom I brought out
of Egypt. I am the LORD your God.
CHAPTER 26
“‘Do not make idols or set up an image or a
sacred stone for yourselves, and do not place a carved stone in your land to bow
down before it. I am the LORD your God.
“‘Observe my Sabbaths and have reverence for
my sanctuary. I am the LORD.
“‘If you follow my decrees and are careful to
obey my commands, I will send you rain in its season, and the ground will yield
its crops and the trees of the field their fruit. Your threshing will continue
until grape harvest and the grape harvest will continue until planting, and you
will eat all the food you want and live in safety in your land. “‘I will grant
peace in the land, and you will lie down and no-one will make you afraid. I
will remove savage beasts from the land, and the sword will not pass through
your country.
You will pursue your enemies, and they will
fall by the sword before you. Five of you will chase a hundred, and a hundred
of you will chase ten thousand, and your enemies will fall by the sword before
you.
“‘I will look on you with favour and make you
fruitful and increase your numbers, and I will keep my covenant with you. You
will still be eating last year’s harvest when you will have to move it out to
make room for the new.
I will put my dwelling-place [Or my
tabernacle] among you, and I will not abhor you. I will walk among you and be
your God, and you will be my people.
I am the LORD your
God, who brought you out of Egypt so that you would no longer be
slaves to the Egyptians; I broke the bars of your yoke and
enabled you to walk with heads
held high.
“‘But if you will not listen to me and carry
out all these commands, and if you reject my decrees and abhor my laws and fail
to carry out all my commands and so violate my covenant, then I will do this to you: I will bring upon
you sudden terror, wasting diseases and fever that will destroy your sight and drain
away your life. You will plant seed in vain, because your enemies will eat it. I will set my face against you so that you
will be defeated by your enemies; those who hate you will rule over you, and
you will flee even when no-one is pursuing you.
“‘If after all this you will not listen to me,
I will punish you for your sins seven times over. I will break down your
stubborn pride and make the sky above you like iron and the ground beneath you
like bronze. Your strength will be spent in vain, because your soil will not yield
its crops, nor will the trees of the land yield their fruit.
“‘If you remain hostile towards me and refuse
to listen to me, I will multiply your afflictions seven times over, as your
sins deserve. I will send wild animals against you, and they will rob you of your
children, destroy your cattle and make you so few in number that your roads
will be deserted.
“‘If in spite of these things you do not accept
my correction but continue to be hostile towards me, I myself will be hostile
towards you and will afflict you for your sins seven times over. And I will
bring the sword upon you to avenge the breaking of the covenant. When you
withdraw into your cities, I will send a plague among you, and you will be
given into enemy hands. When I cut off your supply of bread, ten women will be
able to bake your bread in one oven, and they will dole out the bread by
weight. You will eat, but you will not be satisfied.
“‘If in spite of this you still do not listen
to me but continue to be hostile towards me, then in my anger I will be hostile
towards you, and I myself will punish you for your sins seven times over. You
will eat the flesh of your sons and the flesh of your daughters. I will destroy
your high places, cut down your incense altars and pile your dead bodies on the
lifeless forms of your idols,
and I will abhor you. I will turn your cities into ruins
and lay waste your sanctuaries, and I will take no delight in the pleasing
aroma of your offerings. I will lay waste the land, so that your enemies who
live there will be appalled. I will scatter you among the nations and will draw
out my sword and pursue you. Your land will be laid waste, and your cities will
lie in ruins.
Then the land will enjoy its sabbath years all
the time that it lies desolate and you are in the country of your enemies; then
the land will rest and enjoy its sabbaths. All the time that it lies desolate,
the land will have the rest it did not have during the sabbaths you lived in
it.
“‘As for those of you who are left, I will
make their hearts so fearful in the lands of their enemies that the sound of a
windblown leaf will put them to flight. They will run as though fleeing from
the sword, and they will fall, even though no-one is pursuing them.
They will stumble over one another as though
fleeing from the sword, even though no-one is pursuing them. So you will not be
able to stand before your enemies. You will perish among the nations; the land
of your enemies will devour you. Those of you who are left will waste away in
the lands of their enemies because of their sins; also because of their fathers’
sins they will waste away.
“‘But if they will confess their sins and the
sins of their fathers — their treachery against me and their hostility towards
me, which made me hostile towards them so that I sent them into the land of
their enemies — then when their uncircumcised hearts are humbled and they pay
for their sin, I will remember my covenant with Jacob and my covenant with
Isaac and my covenant with Abraham, and I will remember the land. For the land
will be deserted by them and will enjoy its sabbaths while it lies desolate
without them. They will pay for their sins because they rejected my laws and
abhorred my decrees.
Yet in spite of this, when they are in the
land of their enemies, I will not reject them or abhor them so as to destroy them
completely, breaking my covenant with them. I am the LORD their God. But for
their sake I will remember the covenant with their ancestors whom I brought out
of Egypt in the sight of the nations to be their God. I am the LORD.’”
These are the decrees, the laws and the
regulations that the LORD established on Mount Sinai between himself and the Israelites
through Moses.
CHAPTER 27
The LORD said to Moses,
“Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘If
anyone makes a special vow to dedicate persons to the LORD by giving equivalent
values, set the value of a male between
the ages of twenty and sixty at fifty shekels of silver, according to the sanctuary
shekel; and if it is a female, set her
value at thirty shekels. If it is a person between the ages of five and twenty,
set the value of a male at twenty shekels and of a female at ten shekels. If it
is a person between one month and five years, set the value of a male at five
shekels of silver and that of a female at three shekels of silver. If it is a person sixty years old
or more, set the value of a
male at fifteen shekels and of a female at ten shekels.
If anyone making the vow is too poor to pay
the specified amount, he is to present the person to the priest, who will set the
value for him according to what the man making the vow can afford.
“‘If what he vowed is an animal that is
acceptable as an offering to the LORD, such an animal given to the LORD becomes
holy. He must not exchange it or substitute a good one for a bad one, or a bad
one for a good one; if he should substitute one animal for another, both it and
the substitute become holy.
If what he vowed is a ceremonially unclean
animal — one that is not acceptable as an offering to the LORD — the animal
must be presented to the priest, who will judge its quality as good or bad.
Whatever value the priest then sets, that is what it will be. If the owner
wishes to redeem the animal, he must add a fifth to its value.
“‘If a man dedicates his house as something
holy to the LORD, the priest will judge its quality as good or bad. Whatever
value the priest then sets, so it will remain. If the man who dedicates his
house redeems it, he must add a fifth to its value, and the house will again
become his.
“‘If a man dedicates to the LORD part of his
family land, its value is to be set according to the amount of seed required for
it — fifty shekels of silver to a homer of barley seed.
If he dedicates his field during the Year of
Jubilee, the value that has been set remains. But if he dedicates his field
after the Jubilee, the priest will determine the value according to the number
of years that remain until the next Year of Jubilee, and its set value will be reduced.
If the man who dedicates the field wishes to
redeem it, he must add a fifth to its value, and the field will again become his.
If, however, he does not redeem the field, or if he has sold it to someone
else, it can never be redeemed.
When the field is released in the Jubilee, it
will become holy, like a field devoted to the LORD; it will become the property
of the priests.
“‘If a man dedicates
to the LORD a field he has bought, which is not part of his family
land, the priest will determine its value up to the Year of Jubilee, and the
man must pay its value on that day as something holy to the
LORD.
In the Year of Jubilee the field will revert
to the person from whom he bought it, the one whose land it was.
Every value is to be set according to the
sanctuary shekel, twenty gerahs to the shekel.
“‘No-one, however, may dedicate the firstborn
of an animal, since the firstborn already belongs to the LORD; whether an ox or
a sheep, it is the LORD’s.
If it is one of the unclean animals, he may
buy it back at its set value, adding a fifth of the value to it. If he does not
redeem it, it is to be sold at its set value.
“‘But nothing that a man owns and devotes [The
Hebrew term refers to the irrevocable giving over of things or persons to the
LORD.] to the LORD — whether man or animal or family land — may be sold or
redeemed; everything so devoted is most holy to the LORD.
“‘No person devoted to destruction [The Hebrew
term refers to the irrevocable giving over of things or persons to the LORD,
often by totally destroying them.] may be ransomed; he must be put to death.
“‘A tithe of everything from the land, whether
grain from the soil or fruit from the trees, belongs to the LORD; it is holy to
the LORD.
If a man redeems any of his tithe, he must add
a fifth of the value to it. The entire tithe of the herd and flock — every
tenth animal that passes under the shepherd’s rod — will be holy to the
LORD. He must not pick out the good from the bad or make
any substitution. If he does make a substitution, both the animal and its
substitute become holy and cannot be redeemed.’”
These are the commands the LORD gave Moses on Mount Sinai for the Israelites.
NUMBERS
CHAPTER 1
The LORD spoke to Moses in the Tent of Meeting
in the Desert of Sinai on the first day of the second month of the second year
after the Israelites came out of Egypt. He said: “Take a census of the whole
Israelite community by their clans and families, listing every man by name, one
by one.
You and Aaron are to number by their divisions
all the men in Israel twenty years old or more who are able to serve in the army.
One man from each tribe, each the head of his family, is to help you.
These are the names of the men who are to
assist you: from Reuben, Elizur son of Shedeur; from Simeon, Shelumiel son of
Zurishaddai; from Judah, Nahshon son of Amminadab; from Issachar, Nethanel son
of Zuar; from Zebulun, Eliab son of Helon; from the sons of Joseph: from
Ephraim, Elishama son of Ammihud; from Manasseh, Gamaliel son of Pedahzur; from
Benjamin, Abidan son of Gideoni; from Dan, Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai; from
Asher, Pagiel son of Ocran; from Gad, Eliasaph son of Deuel; from Naphtali,
Ahira son of Enan.”
These were the men appointed from the
community, the leaders of their ancestral tribes. They were the heads of the clans
of Israel.
Moses and Aaron took these men whose names had
been given, and they called the whole community together on the first day of
the second month. The people indicated their ancestry by
their clans and families, and the men twenty years old or more
were listed by name, one by one, as the
LORD commanded Moses. And so he counted them in the Desert of Sinai:
From the descendants of Reuben the firstborn
son of Israel: All the men twenty years old or more who were able to serve in
the army were listed by name, one by one, according to the
records of their clans and families.
The number from the tribe of Reuben was
46,500.
From the descendants of Simeon: All the men
twenty years old or more who were able to serve in the army were counted and
listed by name, one by one, according to the records of their clans and
families. The number from the tribe of Simeon was 59,300.
From the descendants of Gad: All the men
twenty years old or more who were able to serve in the army were listed by name,
according to the records of their clans and families. The number from the tribe
of Gad was 45,650.
From the descendants of Judah: All the men
twenty years old or more who were able to serve in the army were listed by name,
according to the records of their clans and families. The number from the tribe
of Judah was 74,600.
From the descendants of Issachar: All the men
twenty years old or more who were able to serve in the army were listed by
name, according to the records of their clans and families. The number from the
tribe of Issachar was 54,400.
From the descendants of Zebulun: All the men
twenty years old or more who were able to serve in the army were listed by
name, according to the records of their clans and families. The number from the tribe of Zebulun was
57,400.
From the sons of Joseph: From the descendants
of Ephraim: All the men twenty years old or more who were able to serve in the
army were listed by name, according to the records of
their clans and families. The number from the tribe of Ephraim was
40,500.
From the descendants of Manasseh: All the men
twenty years old or more who were able to serve in the army were listed by
name, according to the records of their clans and families. The number from the tribe of Manasseh was
32,200.
From the descendants of Benjamin: All the men
twenty years old or more who were able to serve in the army were listed by
name, according to the records of their clans and families. The number from the tribe of Benjamin was
35,400.
From the descendants of Dan: All the men twenty
years old or more who were able to serve in the army were listed by name,
according to the records of their clans and families. The number from the tribe
of Dan was 62,700.
From the descendants of Asher: All the men
twenty years old or more who were able to serve in the army were listed by name,
according to the records of their clans and families. The number from the tribe
of Asher was 41,500.
From the descendants of Naphtali: All the men
twenty years old or more who were able to serve in the army were listed by
name, according to the records of their clans and families. The number from the
tribe of Naphtali was 53,400.
These were the men
counted by Moses and Aaron and the twelve leaders of Israel, each
one representing his family. All the Israelites
twenty years old or more who were able to serve in Israel’s army were
counted according to their families. The total number was 603,550.
The families of the tribe of Levi, however,
were not counted along with the others.
The LORD had said to Moses: “You must not
count the tribe of Levi or include them in the
census of the other Israelites. Instead, appoint the
Levites to be in charge of the tabernacle
of the Testimony — over all its furnishings and everything belonging
to it. They are to carry the tabernacle and all its furnishings; they are to
take care of it and encamp round it.
Whenever the tabernacle is to move, the
Levites are to take it down, and whenever the tabernacle is to be set up, the Levites
shall do it. Anyone else who goes near it shall be put
to death.
The Israelites are to set up their tents by
divisions, each man in his own camp under his own standard.
The Levites, however, are to set up their
tents round the tabernacle of the Testimony so that wrath will not fall on the Israelite
community. The Levites are to be responsible for the care of the tabernacle of
the Testimony.”
The Israelites did all this just as the LORD
commanded Moses.
CHAPTER 2
The LORD said to Moses and Aaron: “The
Israelites are to camp round the Tent of Meeting some distance from it, each
man under his standard with the banners of his family.”
On the east, towards the sunrise, the
divisions of the camp of Judah are to encamp under their standard. The leader
of the people of Judah is Nahshon son of Amminadab. His division numbers
74,600.
The tribe of Issachar will camp next to them.
The leader of the people of Issachar is Nethanel son of Zuar. His division
numbers 54,400.
The tribe of Zebulun will be next. The leader
of the people of Zebulun is Eliab son of Helon. His division numbers 57,400.
All the men assigned to the camp of Judah,
according to their divisions, number 186,400. They will set out first.
On the south will be the divisions of the camp of Reuben under their standard. The leader of the people of Reuben is Elizur son of Shedeur. His division numbers 46,500. The tribe of Simeon will camp next to them. The leader of the people of Simeon is Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai. His division numbers 59,300
The tribe of Gad will be next. The leader of
the people of Gad is Eliasaph son of Deuel.
His division numbers 45,650. All the men assigned to the camp of Reuben,
according to
their divisions, number 151,450. They will set out second.
Then the Tent of Meeting and the camp of the
Levites will set out in the middle of the camps. They will set out in the same order
as they encamp, each in his own place under his standard.
On the west will be the divisions of the camp
of Ephraim under their standard. The leader of the people of Ephraim is Elishama
son of Ammihud. His division numbers 40,500. The tribe of Manasseh will be next
to them. The leader of the people of Manasseh is Gamaliel son of Pedahzur. His
division numbers 32,200. The tribe of Benjamin will be next. The leader of the
people of Benjamin is Abidan son of Gideoni. His division numbers 35,400. All
the men assigned to the camp of Ephraim, according to their divisions, number
108,100. They will set out third.
On the north will be the divisions of the camp
of Dan, under their standard. The leader of the people of Dan is Ahiezer son of
Ammishaddai. His division numbers 62,700. The tribe of Asher will camp next to
them. The leader of the people of Asher is Pagiel son of Ocran. His division
numbers 41,500. The tribe of Naphtali will be next. The leader of the people of
Naphtali is Ahira son of Enan. His division numbers 53,400. All the men
assigned to the camp of Dan number 157,600. They will set out last, under their
standards.
These are the
Israelites, counted according to their families. All those in the camps,
by their divisions, number 603,550.
The Levites, however, were not counted along
with the other Israelites, as the LORD commanded Moses.
So the Israelites did everything the LORD
commanded Moses; that is the way they encamped under their standards, and that
is the way they set out, each with his clan and family.
CHAPTER